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LSE Research Online
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Social Epistemology

Authors: Dietrich, Franz; Spiekermann, Kai;

Social Epistemology

Abstract

Social epistemology studies knowledge in social contexts. Knowledge is 'social' when its holder communicates with or learns from others (Epistemology in groups), or when its holder is a group as a whole, literally or metaphorically (Epistemology of groups). Group knowledge can emerge explicitly, through aggregation procedures like voting, or implicitly, through institutions like deliberation or prediction markets. In the truth-tracking paradigm, group beliefs aim at truth, and group decisions at 'correctness', in virtue of external facts that are empirical or normative, real or constructed, universal or relativistic, etc. Procedures and institutions are evaluated by epistemic performance: Are they truth-conducive? Do groups become 'wiser' than their members? We review several procedures and institutions, discussing epistemic successes and failures. Jury theorems provide formal arguments for epistemic success. Some jury theorems misleadingly conclude that 'huge groups are infallible', an artifact of inappropriate premises. Others have defensible premises, and still conclude that groups outperform individuals, without being infallible.

Countries
United Kingdom, France
Keywords

[SHS.HISPHILSO]Humanities and Social Sciences/History, 330, Philosophy and Sociology of Sciences, [SHS.PHIL]Humanities and Social Sciences/Philosophy, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, 100, JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D8 - Information, [SHS.SCIPO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science, [SHS.PHIL] Humanities and Social Sciences/Philosophy, Knowledge, and Uncertainty, [SHS.HISPHILSO] Humanities and Social Sciences/History, Philosophy and Sociology of Sciences, [SCCO.PSYC]Cognitive science/Psychology, [SCCO.PSYC] Cognitive science/Psychology, JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D7 - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making, [SHS.ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, [SHS.SCIPO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science

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    influence
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
2
Average
Average
Average
Green
hybrid
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INRAE