As opposed to the traditional Marshallian Industrial District, the Rural District becomes a new concept for territorial development thanks to the qualitative changes of population occurring since 1970 in developed countries and since 1980 in Spain and Castilla-La Mancha. The urban areas are decreasing in importance and the urban hierarchy and center-periphery relations evolved into less hierarchic and multipolar relations. Rural-rural movements occurred in rural environments, from minor cores to region cores and/or higher populated cores as a reproduction of a center-periphery model at rural territorial level.