
doi: 10.7151/dmgt.1114
A property of graphs is any nonempty class of graphs closed under isomorphism. A property of graphs is called induced-hereditary and additive if it is closed under taking induced subgraphs and disjoint unions of graphs, respectively. Let \({\mathcal P}_1,{\mathcal P}_2,\dots,{\mathcal P}_n\) be properties of graphs. A \(({\mathcal P}_1,{\mathcal P}_2,\dots,{\mathcal P}_n)\)-partition of a graph \(G\) is a partition \((V_1,V_2,\dots, V_n)\) of the vertex set of \(G\) such that the subgraph of \(G\) induced by \(V_i\) belongs to \({\mathcal P}_i\); \(i= 1,\dots, n\). In the case \({\mathcal P}_1={\mathcal P}_2=\cdots={\mathcal P}_n\) such a partition is called a \(({\mathcal P},n)\)-partition. The class of \(({\mathcal P}_1,{\mathcal P}_2,\dots,{\mathcal P}_n)\)-partitionable graphs is denoted by \({\mathcal P}_1\circ{\mathcal P}_2\circ\cdots\circ{\mathcal P}_n\). If \(G\) has exactly one (unordered) \(({\mathcal P}_1,{\mathcal P}_2,\dots,{\mathcal P}_n)\)-partition, then \(G\) is uniquely \(({\mathcal P}_1,{\mathcal P}_2,\dots,{\mathcal P}_n)\)-partitionable. An induced-hereditary property \({\mathcal R}\) is reducible if there exist induced-hereditary properties, \({\mathcal P}_1\), \({\mathcal P}_2\), such that \({\mathcal R}={\mathcal P}_1\circ{\mathcal P}_2\); otherwise \({\mathcal R}\) is irreducible. The author proves the following very significant result: Every additive, induced-hereditary property is uniquely factorizable into irreducible factors. One corollary of this result is that if \({\mathcal P}\) is an additive, induced-hereditary property then, for \(n\geq 2\) there exist uniquely \(({\mathcal P},n)\)-partitionable graphs if and only if \({\mathcal P}\) is irreducible. Another interesting corollary is that if \({\mathcal R}={\mathcal P}_1\circ{\mathcal P}_2\circ\cdots\circ{\mathcal P}_n\) is the unique factorization of a reducible additive, induced-hereditary property \({\mathcal R}\) into irreducible factors, then every graph \(G\in{\mathcal R}\) is an induced subgraph of some uniquely \(({\mathcal P}_1,{\mathcal P}_2,\dots,{\mathcal P}_n)\)-partitionable graph.
reducible property, factors, unique factorization, partition, additive property, Coloring of graphs and hypergraphs, Edge subsets with special properties (factorization, matching, partitioning, covering and packing, etc.), partitionable graphs, induced-hereditary property, generating sets, Structural characterization of families of graphs
reducible property, factors, unique factorization, partition, additive property, Coloring of graphs and hypergraphs, Edge subsets with special properties (factorization, matching, partitioning, covering and packing, etc.), partitionable graphs, induced-hereditary property, generating sets, Structural characterization of families of graphs
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