Light electric vehicles, such as electric bicycles and electric scooters, have recently demonstrated remarkable promise over short distances. Light electric vehicles, such as peddles, electric bicycles, and electric scooters, have recently demonstrated remarkable promise for short-distance travel. Despite rising crude oil costs, the use of vehicles is increasing at an alarming rate. There is a pressing need to improve fuel economy while enhancing vehicle emission control to protect future generations from the consequences of pollution. HEV and EV have demonstrated the ability to improve the fuel efficiency. This research focuses on the parallel configurations of HEVs and their optimisation-based power management techniques as well as the possible benefits of various power management tactics in various vehicular applications. Research gaps are also highlighted as part of this enquiry. In this study, we examined three distinct methods. A thorough comparative study demonstrated how the controller affects the NEDC driving cycle, performance, losses, efficiency, and starting power of the HEV motor. As a result, the skilful integration of hybrid electric drive with lightweight, cost-effective optimization of efficiency, emissions, performance, and safety for production-worthy and marketable vehicles.