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Le vieillissement

الشيخوخة
Authors: Paula Fontanilla; Simon Willaume; Benoît Thézé; Angela Moussa; Gaëlle Pennarun; Pascale Bertrand;

Le vieillissement

Abstract

The accumulation of senescent cells accompanies organismal aging. Senescent cells produce an inflammatory microenvironment that is conducive to the development of many age-related diseases. Here we describe the different situations leading to cellular senescence and show that these situations are frequently associated with DNA damage. We also discuss the intimate link between cell aging and perturbations in the nuclear envelope, namely in nuclear lamins, as seen in progeroid syndromes. Finally, we present evidence that these alterations are associated with DNA repair defects, the persistence of DNA damage, and an inflammatory phenotype.Le vieillissement - Une histoire de dommages de l'ADN, d'enveloppe nucléaire altérée et d'inflammation ?Le vieillissement est associé à une accumulation de cellules sénescentes produisant un environnement cellulaire inflammatoire qui pourrait expliquer différentes maladies liées à l'âge. Diverses situations menant à la sénescence sont liées à la présence de dommages de l'ADN. De plus, de nombreux syndromes progéroïdes sont associés à une instabilité du génome ou de la structure nucléaire. Nous discuterons du lien étroit existant entre l'altération des lamines, composants de l'enveloppe nucléaire, et le vieillissement cellulaire. Nous verrons que l'altération de l'enveloppe nucléaire, comme celle observée dans la Progéria, est aussi associée à des défauts de réparation de l'ADN, à une persistance de dommages de l'ADN et à un phénotype inflammatoire.

The accumulation of senescent cells accanies organismal aging. Senescent cells produce an inflammatory microenvironment that is conducive to the development of many age-related diseases. Here we describe the different situations leading to cellular senescence and show that these situations are frequently associated with DNA damage. We also discuss the intimate link between cell aging and perturbations in the nuclear envelope, namely in nuclear lamins, as seen in progeroid syndromes. Finally, we present evidence that these alterations are associated with DNA repair defects, the persistence of DNA damage, and an inflammatory phenotype.Envejecimiento - ¿Una historia de daño del ADN, envoltura nuclear alterada e inflamación?El envejecimiento se asocia con una acumulación de células senescentes que producen un entorno celular inflamatorio que podría explicar diferentes enfermedades relacionadas con la edad. Varias situaciones que conducen a la senescencia están relacionadas con la presencia de daños en el ADN. Además, muchos síndromes progeroides están asociados a una inestabilidad del genoma o de la estructura nuclear. Discutiremos la estrecha relación que existe entre la alteración de las laminas, componentes de la envoltura nuclear, y el envejecimiento celular. Veremos que la alteración de la envoltura nuclear, como la observada en la Progeria, también se asocia con defectos en la reparación del ADN, la persistencia de daños en el ADN y un fenotipo inflamatorio.

The accumulation of senescent cells accompanied by organismal ageing. Senescent cells produce an inflammatory microenvironment that is conductive to the development of many age-related diseases. Here we describe the different situations leading to cellular senescence and show that these situations are frequently associated with DNA damage. We also discuss the intimate link between cell aging and perturbations in the nuclear envelope, namely in nuclear lamins, as seen in progeroid syndromes. Finally, we present evidence that these alterations are associated with DNA repair defects, the persistence of DNA damage, and an inflammatory phenotype.Aging - A history of DNA damage, altered nuclear envelope, and inflammation?Aging is associated with an accumulation of senescent cells producing an inflammatory cellular environment that could explain different age-related diseases. Various situations leading to senescence are related to the presence of DNA damage. In addition, many progeroid syndromes are associated with instability of the genome or nuclear structure. We will discuss the close link between the alteration of laminae, components of the nuclear envelope, and cellular aging. We will see that alteration of the nuclear envelope, such as that observed in Progeria, is also associated with DNA repair defects, persistent DNA damage and an inflammatory phenotype.

تراكم الخلايا الهرمة المصحوبة بالشيخوخة العضوية. تنتج الخلايا الشائخة بيئة دقيقة التهابية موصلة لتطور العديد من الأمراض المرتبطة بالعمر. هنا نصف المواقف المختلفة التي تؤدي إلى الشيخوخة الخلوية ونظهر أن هذه المواقف ترتبط بشكل متكرر بتلف الحمض النووي. كما نناقش العلاقة الحميمة بين شيخوخة الخلايا والاضطرابات في الغلاف النووي، أي في الفيتامينات النووية، كما هو الحال في متلازمات بروجرويد. أخيرًا، نقدم دليلًا على أن هذه التغييرات مرتبطة بعيوب إصلاح الحمض النووي، واستمرار تلف الحمض النووي، والنمط الظاهري الالتهابي. الشيخوخة - تاريخ من تلف الحمض النووي، والغلاف النووي المتغير، والالتهاب ؟ترتبط الشيخوخة بتراكم الخلايا الهرمة التي تنتج بيئة خلوية التهابية يمكن أن تفسر الأمراض المختلفة المرتبطة بالعمر. ترتبط المواقف المختلفة التي تؤدي إلى الشيخوخة بوجود تلف الحمض النووي. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، ترتبط العديد من متلازمات بروجرويد بعدم استقرار الجينوم أو البنية النووية. سنناقش العلاقة الوثيقة بين تغيير الصفيحات ومكونات الغلاف النووي والشيخوخة الخلوية. سنرى أن تغيير الغلاف النووي، مثل ذلك الذي لوحظ في الشيخوخة المبكرة، يرتبط أيضًا بعيوب إصلاح الحمض النووي، وتلف الحمض النووي المستمر والنمط الظاهري الالتهابي.

Keywords

Aging, Cell biology, Physiology, Molecular biology, Structure and Function of the Nuclear Pore Complex, Life Sciences, DNA repair, DNA, Senescence, Gene, Nucleus, Role of Retinoic Acid in Biological Processes, Progeria, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, FOS: Biological sciences, Health Sciences, Genetics, Medicine, Cellular Senescence and Aging-Related Diseases, Molecular Biology, Biology, Lamin

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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