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The Solar Wind

Authors: E. N. Parker;
Abstract

>Hydrodynamic expansion of the solar corona is the basis for solar corpuscular radiation. The quiet day coronal temperatures of 1 to 2 x 10/sup 6/ deg K yield a solar wind of several hundred km/sec and a density of 5 to 50 particles/cm/sup 3/ at the orbit of Earth. The solar wind draws out into space the lines of force of the general one-gauss solar field, to give an interplanetary field that is basically spiral in character with a density of the order of a few times 10/sup -5/ gauss at the orbit of Earth. The enhanced corona may sometimes have temperatures of 4 x 10/sup 6/ deg K or more immediately following a large flare. Such explosive heating leads to a 1 to 2 x 10/sup 3/ km/ sec blast wave into planetary space. The blast wave sweeps up the quiet-day solar wind ahead and kinks the quiet-day field, raising the density of the field to several times 10/sup -4/ gauss on some occasions. The galactic cosmic ray particles are swept back by the kink, producing a Forbush-type intensity decrease. Altogether, the blast wave and its magnetic field constitute the enhanced solar corpuscular radiation. It is shown that themore » alternative magnetic tongue model of Gold and others STA1960! is untenable because the tongue would not reach the earth until many hours after the arrival of the blast wave. (auth)« less

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
19
Top 10%
Top 10%
Average
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