Tribal people and forest are known as the best combination ever. Non-timber forest products (NTFPs) are essential to the livelihoods of communities around the world as well as the sustainable management of forests. NTFPs include a wide variety of plant and animal-based resources that are taken from forests and other natural landscapes, with the exception of wood. These resources support ecosystem services, biodiversity preservation, and community well-being. Poor harvesting methods and overexploitation in the face of rising market demand, however, are endangering the sustainability of these resources and, consequently, the livelihoods of tribal groups that depend on the forests. As per estimates, 275 million poor rural and tribal people in India depend at least in part on NTFPs for their daily needs and source of income. The NTFPs can act as a crucial safety net for a living during difficult times. This chapter aims to describe the scope, dependence, and livelihood importance of NTFPs for communities that depend on forests. The challenges and NTFP management tactics that will aid in the sustainable exploitation of resources and the creation of livelihood chances for the most disadvantaged members of society are covered in the following chapter.