n August 2001, I wrote an information article called ‘External\ud Pressures on Teaching’, which was published in the then PRSLTSN\ud Journal, 1.2, Winter 2002, pp. 98–129. It is now time to\ud update that article, and to add a number of subsequent developments.\ud However, the original article, which explains the logic of the various\ud QAA initiatives, is still valid apart from some points of detail that I\ud shall highlight here. It is available on our website at:\ud \ud http://prs.heacademy.ac.uk/publications/discourse/winter2002.pdf