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Thermodynamics’ Microscopic Connotations

الدلالات المجهرية للديناميكا الحرارية
Authors: A. Plastino; E. M. F. Curado; M. Casas;

Thermodynamics’ Microscopic Connotations

Abstract

La thermodynamique est la science de la conversion de l'énergie. Il s'agit de chaleur et d'autres formes d'énergie, la mécanique étant la plus importante. L'énergie potentielle est la capacité de faire du travail en raison de la position de quelque chose. L'énergie cinétique est due au mouvement, en fonction de la masse et de la vitesse. Puisque tous les objets ont une structure, ils possèdent une certaine énergie interne qui maintient cette structure ensemble, une sorte d'énergie de contrainte. Quant au travail, il y en a en quelque sorte : interne et externe. Le plus tard est le travail effectué sur « quelque chose. Le premier est un travail effectué dans quelque chose, étant une capacité. La chaleur est un autre roi de l'énergie, le leitmotiv de la thermodynamique. La thermodynamique étudie et met en relation les variables macroscopiques, telles que la température, le volume et la pression, qui sont utilisées pour décrire les systèmes thermiques et se préoccupe des phénomènes qui peuvent être reproduits expérimentalement.

La termodinámica es la ciencia de la conversión de energía. Implica calor y otras formas de energía, siendo la mecánica la más importante. La energía potencial es la capacidad de hacer trabajo debido a la posición de algo. La energía cinética se debe al movimiento, dependiendo de la masa y la velocidad. Dado que todos los objetos tienen estructura, poseen alguna energía interna que mantiene unida dicha estructura, una especie de energía de tensión. En cuanto al trabajo, hay varios tipos de trabajo: interno y externo. El último es el trabajo realizado en "algo". El primero es el trabajo efectuado dentro de algo, siendo una capacidad. El calor es otro rey de la energía, el leit-motif de la termodinámica. La termodinámica estudia e interrelaciona las variables macroscópicas, como la temperatura, el volumen y la presión, que se emplean para describir los sistemas térmicos y se ocupa de fenómenos que pueden ser reproducibles experimentalmente.

Thermodynamics is the science of energy conversion. It involves heat and other forms of energy, mechanical one being the foremost one. Potential energy is the capacity of doing work because of the position of something. Kinetic energy is due to movement, depending upon mass and speed. Since all objects have structure, they possess some internal energy that holds such structure together, a kind of strain energy. As for work, there are to kinds of it: internal and external. The later is work done on "something. The former is work effected within something, being a capacity. Heat is another king of energy, the leit-motif of thermodynamics. Thermodynamics studies and interrelates the macroscopic variables, such as temperature, volume, and pressure that are employed to describe thermal systems and concerns itself with phenomena that can be experimentally reproducible.

الديناميكا الحرارية هي علم تحويل الطاقة. وهو ينطوي على الحرارة وأشكال أخرى من الطاقة، والميكانيكية هي الأولى. الطاقة الكامنة هي القدرة على القيام بالعمل بسبب وضع شيء ما. ترجع الطاقة الحركية إلى الحركة، اعتمادًا على الكتلة والسرعة. نظرًا لأن جميع الأجسام لها بنية، فإنها تمتلك بعض الطاقة الداخلية التي تحافظ على هذا الهيكل معًا، وهو نوع من طاقة الإجهاد. أما بالنسبة للعمل، فهناك أنواع منه: داخلي وخارجي. الأخير هو العمل المنجز على "شيء ما. الأول هو العمل الذي يتم في شيء ما، كونه قدرة. الحرارة هي ملك آخر للطاقة، وهي الدافع الخفيف للديناميكا الحرارية. تدرس الديناميكا الحرارية وتربط المتغيرات العيانية، مثل درجة الحرارة والحجم والضغط التي تستخدم لوصف الأنظمة الحرارية وتهتم بالظواهر التي يمكن تكرارها تجريبياً.

Keywords

Physics, Statistical and Nonlinear Physics, Thermodynamic Efficiency, Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy, Thermal, Statistical Mechanics with Long-Range Interactions and Nonextensivity, Physical Sciences, Internal energy, Thermodynamics, Classical mechanics, Work (physics), Stochastic Thermodynamics and Fluctuation Theorems, Kinetic energy

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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