Automatic speech recognition systems are becoming ever more common and are increasingly deployed in more variable acoustic conditions, by very different speakers. So these systems, generally conceived in a laboratory, must be robust in order to provide optimal performance in real situations. This article explores the possibility of gaining robustness by designing speech recognition systems able to auto-modify in real time, in order to adapt to the changes of acoustic environment. As a starting point, the adaptive capacities of living organisms were considered in relation to their environment. Analogues of these mechanisms were then applied to automatic speech recognition systems. It appeared to be interesting to imagine a system adapting to the changing acoustic conditions in order to remain effective regardless of its conditions of use.