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Silicon Photomultipliers: Characterization and Applications

Authors: Ramilli, M; Allevi, A; NARDO, LUCA; Bondani, M; Caccia, M.;

Silicon Photomultipliers: Characterization and Applications

Abstract

Silicon Photo-Multipliers (SiPMs henceover) are photo-detectors based on a technology originally invented in Russia (Akindinov et al., 1997). They essentially consist of an array of p-n junctions operated beyond the breakdown voltage (McKay, 1954), in a Geiger-Muller (G-M) regime (Oldham et al., 1972), with typical gain of the order of 106 and on-cell integrated quenching mechanisms. Silicon photo-detectors with internal multiplication are in use since more than a decade (Lutz, 1995). Avalance Photo-Diodes (APDs) (Akindinov et al., 2005) are operated in a proportional regime, with typical gains of 104, Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPADs) (Cova et al., 1996) are endowed with single-photon sensitivity and are tailored for high frequency counting with time resolutions down to 30 ps. However, being made of a single cell operated in binary mode, they do not carry any information about the intensity of the incoming light field.

Country
Italy
Keywords

multi-pixel photodetector; fluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy; photon counting hystogram

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    popularity
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    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
1
Average
Average
Average
Green
hybrid
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