For hundreds of years, forest ecosystems have been supplying human needs with timber and non-timber products such as oils, resins, tannins and other goods like wood or medicine. Beyond material goods, forests also provide a range of other relevant environmental benefits. The accelerating loss of forests represents one of the major environmental challenges. Intensive commercial logging focused mainly on timber products cause unfortunately degradation of extensive areas and, at the same time, the conversion of forest land for commercial agriculture, subsistence farming and logging for fuel wood are considered the main factors of deforestation. Both degradation and deforestation lead to a considerable reduction in the world forest resources. In the last decades worldwide concern about the necessity to protect native forests emerged and a shift in silviculture occurred, changing into a broader concern where environmental values and diversified interests are becoming more important (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [FAO], 2009, 2010). Historically, an increase in economic growth and population has been the main force fuelling global wood consumption. The expected increase in world population in the next years and the rise in the standards of living will increase wood demand. As this additional wood demand cannot come from further increases in the harvest of natural forests, it must come from planted forests. Reforestation and afforestation seem to be effective alternatives to increase forest production land, thus covering those timber needs and at the same time contributing to reduce timber extraction in many natural forests (FAO, 2009, 2010; Paquette & Messier, 2010; United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change [UNCCC]. Commercial plantations can provide large quantities of timber to keep up with the increasing demand of forest products (sawmills, pulp and particle board industries mainly), and can also be used to provide environmental benefits. It is important to consider that the potential supply of wood arising from forest plantations will depend on the capacity to