
doi: 10.5772/31086
Approximately half of the world’s land surface is ‘perennial desert or dry lands’. These areas can only be made more productive by irrigation. Indiscriminate use of irrigation water without any management has created salinity problem at many places. Consequently, salinity has become a threat to food supply. Although, currently there is enough food for chronically undernourished (Conway, 1997). Growth of human population will increase by 50%, from 6.1 billion in mid – 2001 to 9.3 billion by 2050, it means that crop production must be increased if food security be ensured, especially for those who live on about $ 1 per day (UN Millennium Declaration, 2000). Therefore, in view an estimates, there is a requirement for raising yield by 20% in Developed Countries and by 60% in Developing Countries (Owen, 2001). Unfortunately, a strong link with salinization throws an immediate question over the sustainability of using irrigation to increase food production and it has been argued elsewhere (Shannon & Noble, 1990; Flowers & Yeo, 1995) that the primary value of increasing the salt tolerance of crops will be to the sustainability of irrigation. In order to achieve this challenge different ways and means must be find out without major increase in the amount of new land under cultivation, which would further threaten forests and biodiversity. In the light of these demographic, agricultural and ecological issues, the threat and effects of salinity become even more alarming. Most horticultural crops are glycophytes (Greenway & Munns, 1980) and have evolved under conditions of low soil salinity. The glycophytes cannot absorb, transport and utilize mineral nutrients as efficiently or as effectively under saline as non-saline conditions. Therefore, high concentrations of Na+ and Clin the soil solution may depress nutrients – ion activities and produce extreme ratios of Na+/Cl-, Na+/K+ Ca+/Mg+ and Cl-, NO-3. As a result plant becomes susceptible to osmotic specific ion injury as well as to nutritional disorders that may results in reduced yield or quality. Therefore, an alternative strategy for coping with salinity could, therefore, is to attempt to supplementary foliar irrigation of sodium antagonistic minerals where the growth medium is known to be or may become saline at some time during the plant growth cycle. Antagonistic behavior of excessive monovalent cations (especially sodium present in rhizosphere under saline condition) with monovalent and divalent cations of essential mineral creates physiological disorders for plant growth.
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