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Algal Biomass and Biodiesel Production

الكتلة الحيوية للطحالب وإنتاج الديزل الحيوي
Authors: Ahmed Emad;

Algal Biomass and Biodiesel Production

Abstract

Le biodiesel est devenu plus attrayant récemment en raison de ses avantages environnementaux et du fait qu'il est fabriqué à partir de ressources renouvelables. Le coût du biodiesel, cependant, est le principal obstacle à la commercialisation du produit. L'huile de cuisson usagée et les algues sont utilisées comme matière première, l'adaptation du processus de transestérification continue et la récupération du glycérol de haute qualité à partir du sous-produit du biodiesel (glycérol) sont des options principales à considérer pour réduire le coût du biodiesel. Il existe quatre façons principales de fabriquer du biodiesel : l'utilisation directe et le mélange, les microémulsions, le craquage thermique (pyrolyse) et la transestérification. La méthode la plus couramment utilisée est la transestérification des huiles végétales et des graisses animales. La réaction de transestérification est affectée par le rapport molaire des glycérides à l'alcool, aux catalyseurs, à la température de réaction, au temps de réaction et aux acides gras libres et à la teneur en eau des huiles ou des graisses. Dans le présent chapitre, nous nous concentrerons sur la façon dont les algues ont un potentiel élevé dans la production de biodiesel par rapport à d'autres sources.

El biodiesel se ha vuelto más atractivo recientemente debido a sus beneficios ambientales y al hecho de que está hecho de recursos renovables. El coste del biodiésel, sin embargo, es el principal obstáculo para la comercialización del producto. El aceite de cocina usado y las algas se utilizan como materia prima, la adaptación del proceso de transesterificación continua y la recuperación de glicerol de alta calidad a partir de subproductos del biodiésel (glicerol) son las principales opciones a considerar para reducir el costo del biodiésel. Hay cuatro formas principales de hacer biodiesel, uso directo y mezcla, microemulsiones, craqueo térmico (pirólisis) y transesterificación. El método más utilizado es la transesterificación de aceites vegetales y grasas animales. La reacción de transesterificación se ve afectada por la relación molar de glicéridos a alcohol, catalizadores, temperatura de reacción, tiempo de reacción y ácidos grasos libres y contenido de agua de aceites o grasas. En el presente capítulo nos centraremos en cómo las algas tienen altos potenciales en la producción de biodiesel en comparación con otras fuentes.

Biodiesel has become more attractive recently because of its environmental benefits and the fact that it is made from renewable resources. The cost of biodiesel, however, is the main hurdle to commercialization of the product. The used cooking oil and algae are used as raw material, adaption of continuous transesterification process and recovery of high quality glycerol from biodiesel by-product (glycerol) are primary options to be considered to lower the cost of biodiesel. There are four primary ways to make biodiesel, direct use and blending, microemulsions, thermal cracking (pyrolysis) and transesterification. The most commonly used method is transesterification of vegetable oils and animal fats. The transesterification reaction is affected by molar ratio of glycerides to alcohol, catalysts, reaction temperature, reaction time and free fatty acids and water content of oils or fats. In the present chapter we will focus on how algae have high potentials in biodiesel production compared with other sources.

أصبح الديزل الحيوي أكثر جاذبية في الآونة الأخيرة بسبب فوائده البيئية وحقيقة أنه مصنوع من موارد متجددة. ومع ذلك، فإن تكلفة الديزل الحيوي هي العقبة الرئيسية أمام تسويق المنتج. يتم استخدام زيت الطهي المستخدم والطحالب كمادة خام، والتكيف مع عملية التحويل المستمر واستعادة الجلسرين عالي الجودة من منتج ثانوي للديزل الحيوي (الجلسرين) هي الخيارات الأساسية التي يجب مراعاتها لخفض تكلفة الديزل الحيوي. هناك أربع طرق أساسية لصنع الديزل الحيوي، والاستخدام المباشر والمزج، والمستحلبات الدقيقة، والتكسير الحراري (الانحلال الحراري) والتحويل. الطريقة الأكثر استخدامًا هي تحويل الزيوت النباتية والدهون الحيوانية. يتأثر تفاعل الأسترة بنسبة مولارية من الجليسريدات إلى الكحول والمحفزات ودرجة حرارة التفاعل ووقت التفاعل والأحماض الدهنية الحرة والمحتوى المائي للزيوت أو الدهون. سنركز في هذا الفصل على كيفية تمتع الطحالب بإمكانات عالية في إنتاج الديزل الحيوي مقارنة بالمصادر الأخرى.

Related Organizations
Keywords

Biomass (ecology), Pulp and paper industry, Economics, Technical Aspects of Biodiesel Production, Biomedical Engineering, Macroeconomics, Organic chemistry, FOS: Medical engineering, Environmental science, Catalysis, Engineering, Biofuel, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Production (economics), Molecular Biology, Waste management, Biology, Microalgae as a Source for Biofuels Production, Energy, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Metabolic Engineering and Synthetic Biology, Life Sciences, Agronomy, Biofuel Production, Biodiesel production, Chemistry, Transesterification, Physical Sciences, Biodiesel

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    This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    4
    popularity
    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
4
Average
Average
Average
Green
hybrid