The applications presented in this chapter clearly show the importance of development of speech technologies. Having in mind the extreme language dependence of these technologies, and the fact that, unlike most other technologies, they cannot simply be „imported from abroad“, it is very important that scientific teams from the region should be actively engaged in their research and development. Only thus we can expect that the 20 million inhabitants of this part of Europe will be able to communicate with machines by speech in their native languages in a near future. 5.1 Directions of further research and development One of the directions of furher research and development of speech technologies is multilingual and multimodal human-computer interaction involving not only ASR and TTS but speaker and emotion recognition as well. Besides further research aimed at increasing the quality of ASR and TTS components, research related to implementation of speech technologies on embedded platforms is also under way, aimed at their application in small portable devices. ASR and TTS have an extremely wide area of application, and some projects are initiated to apply developed speech technologies in South Slavic languages in smart homes, cars, industry, robots and toys. This would enable a number of other applications