
doi: 10.5705/ss.2013.305
Summary: We propose an extended version of the classical Karhunen-Loève expansion of a multivariate random process, termed a normalized multivariate functional principal component (\(m\mathrm{FPC}_n\)) representation. This takes variations between the components of the process into account and takes advantage of component dependencies through the pairwise cross-covariance functions. This approach leads to a single set of multivariate functional principal component scores, which serve well as a proxy for multivariate functional data. We derive the consistency properties for the estimates of the \(m\mathrm{FPC}_n\), and the asymptotic distributions for statistical inferences. We illustrate the finite sample performance of this approach through the analysis of a traffic flow data set, including an application to clustering and a simulation study. The \(m\mathrm{FPC}_n\) approach serves as a basic and useful statistical tool for multivariate functional data analysis.
traffic flow, Mercer's theorem, normalization, Classification and discrimination; cluster analysis (statistical aspects), Applications of queueing theory (congestion, allocation, storage, traffic, etc.), Karhunen-Loève expansion, multivariate functional data, Factor analysis and principal components; correspondence analysis, Applications of statistics
traffic flow, Mercer's theorem, normalization, Classification and discrimination; cluster analysis (statistical aspects), Applications of queueing theory (congestion, allocation, storage, traffic, etc.), Karhunen-Loève expansion, multivariate functional data, Factor analysis and principal components; correspondence analysis, Applications of statistics
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