It is well known that there is a sex difference in the incidence of many disease. In some disease, the reason for this difference has been elucidated by recent progress in the studies on hormone receptors. Moreover, it is believed that autoimmune disease occur more frequently in women than in men, because the immune response is influenced by the period of hyperactivity or hypoactivity of estrogen. In this paper, Some otorhinolaryngological diseases are discussed from the point of view of sex hormones.