<em>Tuber aestivum</em> Vittad., <em>T. mesentericum</em> Vittad. and <em>T. bellonae</em> Quél. have been distinguished in recent collections of hypogeous fungi in Poland. Up till now only <em>T. mesentericum</em> has herbarial documentation. <em>T. aestivum</em> was confirmed to occur in Poland. Seven localities are documented with exsiccates, but it is considered as a complex species. Some specimens have features of <em>T. uncinatum</em> Chat. not distinctively separated from these of <em>T. aestivum</em> Vittad., therefore are treated as its form. The studies based on rich material support the concept of <em>Tuber bellonae</em> as a separate species close to <em>T. mesentericum</em>.