The present work research involves a systematic review of the chemical profile and biological activities of vegetable oil from the Astrocaryum species identified in Brazilian amazon rainforest. Astrocaryum consists of a important group of botanical species that have economic value in the national and international fruit market. Furthermore, the species has application in several areas such as pharmacology, biotechnology, and medicine. In folk medicine, species such as Astrocaryum aculeatum M. and Astrocaryum vulgare M. are used in prevention of diabetes and inflammatory diseases. The species of Astrocaryum are natural source of vegetable oil and are rich in bioactive compounds belonging to the classes of carotenoids, of these compounds β-carotene is the most abundant. The cytoprotective, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities of vegetable oils from the Astrocaryum species in Brazilian amazon rainforest have been described in previous research.