Niamey ischaracterized by an unprecedented expansion due to a gallopingincrease in its population and a development of the hydro-agricultural sector favorable to the development of Anopheles and the maintenance of malaria transmission. This studydescribes the spatial and temporal dynamics of Anopheles in relation to environmentalfactors. Mosquito sampling wascarried out at six different sites, withtwo passes duringeach of threeseasons (rainy, cold and warm) of year. Twenty-four housesweresurveyedduringeach run at each site. Mosquitoeswerecollected by intra-domiciliaryspraying and CDC light traps, thentransported to laboratory for identification according to genus, sex and species. Ecological data werecollected at each site, and climatic data wereprovided by researchinstitute for development (IRD). Overall, 22340 Culicidaefemaleswerecaptured and the genusAnopheleswasmostabundantwith 81.20% (N=18141) and Anopheles gambiae s.l.was the predominantspecieswith a special and temporal distribution significantlydifferent (p<0.05). In most sites, the genusAnopheleswasmostabundantduring the rainyseason (p˂0.05). Anophelesabundancewaslinked to habitat type, dirtiness, presence of large ruminants, distance house-larval site and agricultural practice p<0.05. Anophelesdynamicswerepositivelycorrelatedwithrainfall, humidity and dew point, withcorrelation coefficients r=0.53 r=0.59 and r=0.39 respectively. Theseresults are interest for national malaria control program, as theywill enable it to betteradaptits control interventions based on seasons, typology and proximity of site to hydroagricultural installations.