Key to Leguminosae Genera in Boyacá This key is largely based on features of taxa occurring in Boyacá and will not necessarily work for specimens and species of a genus collected outside the department or country. Genera in the checklist are arranged alphabetically. For recent nomenclatural updates in some genera see the remarks section. Cultivated taxa are included in the key and indicated by an asterisk. For terminology on leaf morphology, see Figure 2. 1a. Leaves simple or 1-foliolate, or with expanded petioles (phyllodes), or leaves lacking (plant aphyllous) .......................... Group 1 1b. Leaves with 2 or more leaflets............................................................................................................................................................ 2 2a. Leaves with 2 leaflets ............................................................................................................................................................ Group 2 2b. Leaves with more than 2 leaflets ........................................................................................................................................................ 3 3a. Leaves 3-foliolate or palmately divided into 5 to many leaflets ........................................................................................... Group 3 3b. Leaves pinnate....................................................................................................................................................................... Group 4 3c. Leaves bipinnate.................................................................................................................................................................... Group 5 Group 1 Leaves 1-foliolate, simple, or plants with phyllodes, or leaves lacking (plant aphyllous). 1a. Leaves caducous, the plants often appearing leafless ........................................................................................................................ 2 2a. Plants spiny; median petal inner-most; fruit indehiscent................................................................................... Parkinsonia praecox 2b. Plants unarmed; median petal outer-most; fruit dehiscent, valves twisting ........................................................ Spartium junceum * 1b. Leaves (or phyllodes) persistent......................................................................................................................................................... 3 3a. Flowers large, showy, not papilionoid or mimosoid; leaves 2-lobed and palmately veined, or entire .............................................. 4 4a. Trees or shrubs without tendrils, sometimes with intrastipular spines................................................................................. Bauhinia 4b. Lianas with tendrils, spines lacking................................................................................................................... Schnella guianensis 3b. Flowers papilionoid or mimosoid, variable in size; leaves not 2-lobed or palmately veined ............................................................ 5 5a. Flowers mimosoid, in dense heads; plants with pyllodes (= expanded petioles)..................................................................... Acacia 5b. Flowers papilionoid, solitary or in few-flowered inflorescences, never in dense heads; plants lacking phyllodes........................... 6 6a. Spiny shrubs with (seemingly) needle-like leaves ................................................................................................... Ulex europaeus * 6b. Plants unarmed, leaves not needle-like .............................................................................................................................................. 7 7a. Trees; flowers with a single petal and multiple (well over 10) stamens ............................................................................... Swartzia 7b. Herbs, rarely subshrubs; flowers papilionoid, with five petals and 10 stamens................................................................................. 8 8a. Leaves obscurely gland-dotted below (use a x 20 lens); corolla with keel not beaked; fruit not, or only slightly, inflated ................ ..................................................................................................................................................................... Eriosema simplicifolium 8b. Leaves not gland-dotted; corolla with keel strongly beaked; fruits inflated ....................................................................... Crotalaria Group 2 Leaves 2-foliolate 1a. Trees; leaflets asymmetrical, the midvein excentric; flowers with median petal innermost or a single petal ................................... 2 2a. Petal 1 per flower........................................................................................................................................................... Macrolobium 2b. Petals 5 per flower.............................................................................................................................................................................. 3 3a. Flowers in terminal panicles............................................................................................................................................................... 4 4a. Fruit turgid, indehiscent, with pulpy endocarp (when fresh); leaflets lacking specialized marginal glands...................... Hymenaea 4b. Fruit compressed, 2-valved, usually dehiscent; leaflets with a thickening or definite gland on adaxial margin near base ................. ............................................................................................................................................................................................. Peltogyne 3b. Flowers in short, axillary racemes..................................................................................................................................... Cynometra 1b. Herbs; leaflets symmetrical; flowers papilionoid, median petal outer-most ...................................................................................... 5 5a. Leaf without a tendril; flowers yellow; inflorescence bracteose; fruit a bristly loment........................................................... Zornia 5b. Leaf terminating in a tendril; flowers never yellow; inflorescence not bracteose; fruit a dehiscent pod without bristles................. 6 6a. Stipules smaller than the leaflets, margins not toothed; style flat ......................................................................................... Lathyrus 6b. Stipules larger than the leaflets, margins toothed, at least along the lower half; style longitudinally folded ........... Pisum sativum * Group 3 Leaves 3-foliolate or palmately divided (encountered in subfamily Papilionoideae only). 1a. Leaves palmately divided ....................................................................................................................................................... Lupinus 1b. Leaves 3-foliolate ............................................................................................................................................................................... 2 2a. Leaves digitately 3-foliolate (the terminal leaflet not on a rachis extension) .................................................................................... 3 3a. Leaflet margins serrulate ...................................................................................................................................................... Trifolium 3b. Leaflet margins entire......................................................................................................................................................................... 4 4a. Flowers purple or mauve; leaflets glandular-punctate (although glands sometimes obscured by indumentum)............. Otholobium 4b. Flowers yellow; leaflets not glandular-punctate................................................................................................................................. 5 5a. Flowers in compact bracteose heads; fruit a loment with only the upper of the two articles fertil................................. Stylosanthes 5b. Flowers in lax or dense racemes; fruits many-seeded........................................................................................................................ 6 6a. Corolla with the keel strongly beaked; pods inflated .......................................................................................................... Crotalaria 6b. Corolla with the keel not beaked; pods not inflated .................................................................................... Genista monspessulana * 2b. Leaves pinnately 3-foliolate (the terminal leaflet on a rachis extension)........................................................................................... 7 7a. Leaflet margins serrat ......................................................................................................................................................................... 8 8a. Petals persisting in fruit; stamens with filaments dilated below the anthers; fruit included in the calyx ............ Trifolium dubium * 8b. Petals not persisting in fruit; stamen filaments not dilated; fruits exserted........................................................................................ 9 9a. Flowers in lax racemes; fruits nutlet-like, drying greenish or brownish............................................................................ Melilotus * 9b. Flowers in heads or short compact racemes; fruits coiled or falcate, spiny or not, if nutlet-like then drying black......... Medicago * 7b. Leaflet margins not serrate ............................................................................................................................................................... 10 10a. Erect herbs, shrubs or trees, never scrambling or climbing ............................................................................................................. 11 11a. Leaflets (especially the lower surface) with tiny yellow or orange glands, which sometimes dry black (use x10 lens; glands sometimes concealed by the indumentum)....................................................................................................................................... 12 12a. Petals mauve or purple; pod one-seeded and partially hidden in the calyx...................................................................... Otholobium 12b. Petals yellow; pod 2 or more seeded, not hidden by the calyx......................................................................................................... 13 13a. The standard shiny red on outside; fruits several-seeded, transversally indented between the seeds........................ Cajanus cajan * 13b. The standard yellow outside, sometimes with reddish insect guides; fruits usually c. 2-seeded, not transversally indented between the seeds ................................................................................................................................................................................ Eriosema 11b. Leaflets eglandular ........................................................................................................................................................................... 14 14a. Flowers yellow, in compact bracteose heads; fruit a loment with only the upper of the two articles fertile .................. Stylosanthes 14b. Flowers of various colours but never yellow, in ± open racemes or nodose pseudoracemes; fruits various, if a loment then two or more articles fertile........................................................................................................................................................................... 15 15a. Herbs or small shrubs 3 m tall; flowers> 2 cm long; fruit not a loment; hooked hairs lacking .................................................... 16 16a. Stipels not swollen; flowers resupinate, in ramiflorous, nodose pseudoracemes, the corolla salmon pink with magenta markings; seeds brown ............................................................................................................................................................................. Clitoria 16b. Stipels swollen (glandular); flowers rarely resupinate, in non-ramiflorous racemes, the colour variable but never as above; seeds red or bicoloured (red and black) ........................................................................................................................................ Erythrina 10b. Scrambling or twining herbs, vines, robust lianas, or shrubs with scrambling branches................................................................. 17 17a. Leaflets (especially the lower surface) with tiny yellow or orange glands (use x10 lens); fruits 2-seeded..................... Rhynchosia 17b. Leaflets eglandular; fruits with a varying number of seeds ............................................................................................................. 18 18a. Flowers 3.5–11 cm long, in pendent racemes; fruits often with irritant orange-brown hairs................................................. Mucuna 18b. Flowers 10 cm long; pods> 15 mm wide........................................ Dioclea 22b. Weak herbaceous twiners with slender pseudoracemes; the larger leaflets 1 cm long......................................................................................................................................................................... 31 31a. Calyx subtended by a pair of large bracteoles, entirely or largely concealing the bud; stipules not medifixed .............. Centrosema 31b. Bracteoles not hiding the calyx; stipules medifixed................................................................................................................... Vigna Group 4 Leaves pinnate. 1a. Leaf paripinnate, with 2 pairs of opposite leaflets ............................................................................................................................. 2 2a. Trees (to 35 m tall), shrubs or subshrubs; flowers not papilionoid; fruits never geocarpic ............................................................... 3 3a. Petiolules twisted; flowers in pendent, long-pedunculate racemes; petals mauve to lilac-blue, anthers monomorphic, dehiscing by longitudinal slits; fruits woody, scimitar-shaped, dehiscent; seeds> 3 cm in diameter, testa thin and papery.................................... ............................................................................................................................................................................ Brachycylix vageleri 3b. Petiolules not twisted; if flowers in pendent racemes, these not long-pedunculate; petals yellow; anthers dimorphic, dehiscing by apical pores or short lateral slits ................................................................................................................................................ Senna 2b. Herbs; flowers papilionoid; fruits geocarpic ........................................................................................................ Arachis hypogaea * 1b. Leaf with> 4 leaflets, if in 2 pairs then these not opposite................................................................................................................ 4 4a. Herbs or vines..................................................................................................................................................................................... 5 5a. Leaf ending in a tendril....................................................................................................................................................................... 6 6a. Stipules foliaceous, larger than leaflets ..................................................................................................................... Pisum sativum * 6b. Stipules not foliaceous, smaller than leaflets ..................................................................................................................................... 7 7a. Inflorescences with 1–3 flowers; fruits with 1 or 2 lenticular seeds .......................................................................... Lens culinaris * 7b. Inflorescences with 1 to many flowers; fruits with> 2, obovoid or obtuse-cubical seed .................................................................. 8 8a. Style pubescent adaxially (on inside), for ⅓–½ of its length ................................................................................................ Lathyrus 8b. Style pubescent abaxially (on outside) or all around, only towards apex ................................................................................... Vicia 5b. Leaf ending in one or two leaflets ...................................................................................................................................................... 9 9a. Scrambling vines; flowers> 5 cm long; calyces> 3 cm long (including the c. 1 cm long linear teeth); corolla blood red; stems, leaf rachises and calyces densely clothed with dark patent hairs; stipels evident at the insertion of the leaflet pairs................ Barbieria 9b. Erect herbs or subshrubs; flowers 10 stamens partially fused into a tube; leaves with cup-shaped or disc-shaped nectaries between each leaflet pair; the only singly pinnate mimosoid; leaf rachis often winged; fruits indehiscent ................................ Inga 17b. Flowers irregular, zygomorphic, or 3-merous, petals 5 or less, or lacking; stamens 10 or fewer, if more than 10 not fused into a tube ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 18 18a. Petals 1, 3 or lacking, if 5 then 2 of these rudimentary .................................................................................................................... 19 19a. Petals lacking, fruits dehiscent, few-seeded, seeds arillate .............................................................................................................. 20 20a. Flowers 1 cm long; in racemes; stamens dimorphic, more than 10; leaflets not glandular punctate................................. Swartzia 19b. Petals 1 or 3(–5)................................................................................................................................................................................ 21 21a. Main petal white, and corolla with 1–4 additional rudimentary, white, petaloid structures; fruits laterally compressed, woody; leaf rachis slightly winged.................................................................................................................................................... Macrolobium 21b. Petals yellow or creamish yellow, or white; fruits variable, but not laterally compressed .............................................................. 22 22a. Petal 1, yellow, orange or white; stamens many, dimorphic; leaf rachis sometimes slightly winged................................... Swartzia 22b. Petals 3, creamish yellow with red markings (plus two rudimentary, tiny reddish petals); stamens 3, not dimorphic; leaf rachis not winged ................................................................................................................................................................... Tamarindus indica 18b. Petals (4–)5, all well developed. 23a. Flowers not papilionoid; median (standard) petal overlapped by adjacent lateral petals (especially in bud).................................. 24 24a. Petals 4; sepals 2; stamens more than 15, monomorphic; anthers dehiscing by longitudinal slits; foliage nectaries absent; trees; flowers in cauliflorous spikes (ball-shaped at anthesis); fruits large dehiscent woody pods ................................................ Brownea 24b. Petals 5; sepals 5; stamens up to 10, dimorphic; anthers dehiscing by apical pores or short slits; foliage nectaries common but not ubiquitous; herbs, subshrubs or shrubs (less often trees); inflorescences not cauliflorous.............................................................. 25 25a. Extra-floral nectaries often present on leaf rachis and petiole; stamen filaments all straight................................................... Senna 25b. Extra-floral nectaries lacking on leaves; stamen filaments of the longer (fertile) stamens S-shaped...................... Cassia moschata 23b. Flowers papilionoid, standard petal outside adjacent lateral petals (most obvious in bud) ............................................................. 26 26a. Leaves opposite; fruits indehiscent, laterally compressed, 1-seeded samaroids with the seed centrally placed ................................. ...................................................................................................................................................................... Platymiscium pinnatum 26b. Leaves alternate................................................................................................................................................................................ 27 27a. Leaflets gland-dotted or with peltate glandular trichomes on the lower surface ............................................................................. 28 28a. Leaflets linear, under 2 mm wide, with black gland dots; calyces with orange gland dots; fruit 1-seeded, hidden within the calyx; flowers mauve; introduced cultivated shrub........................................................................................................... Psoralea pinnata * 28b. Leaflets not linear, over 2 cm wide, obscurely gland-dotted or with glandular trichomes on lower surface; fruit a showy drupe or large samara; flowers pinkish or yellow. 29a. Leaf rachis flattened and with a terminal extension; fruit a woody drupe; corolla pinkish; leaflet lower surface without peltate orange glands......................................................................................................................................................................... Dipteryx 29b. Leaf rachis terete; fruit a large samara, the basal, woody, seed chamber spiny; corolla yellow; leaflet lower surface with peltate orange glands.............................................................................................................................................. Centrolobium yavizanum 27b. Leaflets not gland-dotted and without peltate glandular trichomes ................................................................................................. 30 30a. Lianas; leaflets alternate; sap usually oxidizing red......................................................................................................................... 31 31a. Branches unarmed; corolla with standard petal glabrous; fruit a samaroid with one central seed ..................................... Dalbergia 31b. Branches often with recurved spines; corolla with standard petal hairy dorsally; fruit a samara with a basal seed chamber and terminal wing.................................................................................................................................................................. Machaerium 30b. Trees or shrubs.................................................................................................................................................................................. 32 32a. Petiole and leaf rachis flattened (with narrow wings)........................................................................................................... Dipteryx 32b. Petiole and leaf rachis not flattened.................................................................................................................................................. 33 33a. Leaflets alternate or only partly opposite on rachis.......................................................................................................................... 34 34a. Fruits not winged.............................................................................................................................................................................. 35 35a. Fruits many-seeded, valves twisting after dehiscence........................................................................................... Gliricidia sepium * 35b. Fruits with 1 or 2 seeds, drupaceous, seeds surrounded by red or orange aril ........................................... Dussia macroprophyllata 34b. Fruits winged.................................................................................................................................................................................... 36 36a. Fruit a 1-seeded samara, the seed chamber basal; standard petal pubescent on outer surface....................................... Machaerium 36b. Fruit samaroid with one central seed; standard petal glabrous on both surfaces. ............................................................................ 37 37a. Flowers yellow or orange; samaroid orbicular with seed in centre.................................................................................. Pterocarpus 37b. Flowers white or purple; samaroid oblong or ellipsoid.................................................................................................................... 38 38a. Leaflets 5 cm long; buds asymmetrical; fruits> 3 cm wide, fruit base twisted............................................. Diplotropis purpurea 33b. Leaflets opposite or subopposite on rachis....................................................................................................................................... 39 39a. Shrubs; flowers yellow; fruit with persistent style at apex................................................................................................... Coursetia 39b. Trees ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 40 40a. Fruits indehiscent.............................................................................................................................................................................. 41 41a. Fruit a woody, ellipsoid drupe, without a wing; leaves with stipels......................................................................................... Andira 41b. Fruit laterally compressed, papery, with a narrow wing along the upper suture; leaves without stipels ........ Bowdichia virgilioides 40b. Fruits dehiscent................................................................................................................................................................................. 42 42a. Calyx with well demarcated teeth or lobes....................................................................................................................................... 43 43a. Flower buds> 2 cm long; cucullate leaf bud scales caducous to reveal a persistent, digitate, brown stipule pair; woody fruits explosively dehiscent, the valves twisting........................................................................................ Orphanodendron grandiflorum 43b. Flower buds 10 per flower, the filaments free or partially fused......................................................................................................... 16 16a. Stamen filaments essentially free ..................................................................................................................................................... 17 17a. Plants usually armed with spines or prickles; leaves with nectary glands ....................................................................................... 18 18a. Plants climbing or scrambling, armed with scattered prickles ............................................................................................ Senegalia 18b. Large shrubs or trees, armed with stipular spines ................................................................................................................ Vachellia 17b. Plants unarmed; leaves without nectary glands.................................................................................................................... Acaciella 16b. Stamen filaments partially fused (it might be necessary to dissect a flower to observe the fusion), the fused portion exserted from the corolla or not............................................................................................................................................................................... 19 19a. Plants armed with thorns at the nodes; pinnae in 1 or 2 pairs per leaf; fruits coiled................................................... Pithecellobium 19b. Plants unarmed ................................................................................................................................................................................. 20 20a. Nectaries absent on the foliage......................................................................................................................................................... 21 21a. Flowers in spherical heads; fruits thin-textured, membranous to subcoriaceous.................................................................. Zapoteca 21b. Flowers in obconiform heads; fruits rigid, coriaceous to ligneous .................................................................................... Calliandra 20b. Nectaries present on the foliage, either between the pinnae pairs, on the petiole, or both .............................................................. 22 22a. Flowers arranged in dense, spherical heads ..................................................................................................................................... 23 23a. Flower heads forming branched synflorescences; fruit a linear, laterally compressed, dehiscent pod ................. Albizia carbonaria 23b. Flower heads solitary, if several then clustered, not forming synflorescences; fruits indehiscent, thick, woody, partially coiled...... ................................................................................................................................................................. Enterolobium cyclocarpum 22b. Flowers arranged in pedunculate fascicles not forming globose heads, or in spikes ....................................................................... 24 24a. Pinnae in 1 or 2 pairs per leaf........................................................................................................................................................... 25 25a. Flowers white or pinkish, in short, rami- or cauliflorous spikes, clustered onto woody knots; fruits not red-brown inside, straight or slightly curved........................................................................................................................................................................ Zygia 25b. Flowers cream-coloured, yellowish or greenish, in heads, not rami- or cauliflorous, not clustered onto woody knots; fruits a reddish brown colour inside, strongly curved ........................................................................................................................... Abarema laeta 24b. Pinnae in> 2 pairs per leaf............................................................................................................................................................... 26 26a. Flowers arranged in spikes; stamen filaments yellowish green; cultivated in the Andes as an ornamental and occasionally encountered as an escape........................................................................................................................... Paraserianthes lophantha 26b. Flowers arranged in pedunculate fascicles; stamen filaments pink and white; sometimes cultivated as a shade tree; fruits thick, straight, with pulpy mesocarp................................................................................................................................... Samanea saman

Published as part of Lucas, Eve J., Haigh, Anna L., Castellanos, Cesar, Aguilar-Cano, José, Biggs, Nicola, Castellanos, Carolina C., Fabriani, Federico, Frisby, Susan, García, Lina, Klitgård, Bente B., Morales-Puentes, Maria Eugenia, Parra-O, Carlos, Perezescobar, Oscar, Zuluaga, Alejandro & Lewis, Gwilym P., 2023, An updated checklist of Araceae, Leguminosae and Myrtaceae of the department of Boyacá, Colombia, including keys to genera and new occurrence records, pp. 137-178 in Phytotaxa 589 (2) on pages 145-150, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.589.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7762400