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La Enzima Clorofilasa

Authors: Peña-Martínez, José María;

La Enzima Clorofilasa

Abstract

Resumen Clasificada como una hidrolasa, la enzima clorofilasa participa en las primeras etapas de la catalización de la clorofila (con agua) en clorofilida y fitol; de acuerdo a la Unión Internacional de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular lleva el código de EC 3.1.1.14 [1]. Fue descubierta por Willstäter y Stoll en 1910, veinte años después le siguió una investigación donde se descubrió su actividad en diferentes especies además de sus propiedades por Meyer [2, 3]. La actividad enzimática, de la clorofilasa, consiste en la degradación de la clorofila, relacionado con la pérdida del color verde en la fruta, sin embargo, el cambio de color otoñal de las plantas y su relación con la clorofilasa sigue sin ser definida en su totalidad [4]. Esta acelera o disminuye la velocidad de la siguiente reacción según las condiciones del entorno: 𝐶55𝐻72O5N4M𝑔 + 𝐻2O → 𝐶35𝐻32O4N4M𝑔 + 𝐶20𝐻40O La clorofilasa se puede encontrar en las membranas tilacoidales del cloroplasto. Ésta, además de ser una de las enzimas mas antiguas de las plantas, también se encuentra en algas y clorelas. Incluso, en algas, puede ser reconocida como una glicoproteína en el retículo endoplasmático [4]. Su actividad enzimática tiene la peculiaridad de poder ser potenciada por la intervención humana, se han realizado estudios e investigaciones que las condiciones in vitro llevan el potencial de la enzima a ser mas eficaz que in vivo en los cloroplastos. Medios como el etileno, la acetona o el metil jasmonato incrementan su actividad. A temperatura ambiente (25°C) y un pH entre 7.7 y 8 (con acetona al 40%) es de las mejores condiciones para la enzima clorofilasa [2, 4]. Su obtención, para su estudio, puede ser extraída y preparada de la remolacha Beta vulgaris var. Succharifera [2]. Algunas de sus aplicaciones pueden ser la conservación, post tratamiento y empaquetado de vegetales; además del efecto que tienen, los vegetales congelados, en el microondas. Se ha reconocido su uso para el tratamiento de aceites de oliva y en el desarrollo de diferentes colores y composiciones para el té comestible [5, 6].

{"references": ["IUBMB. Enzyme nomenclature EC 3.1.1.14. [Internet] Londres. School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of London. 2007. [Citado 10 de noviembre de 2022]. Recuperado a partir de: https://iubmb.qmul.ac.uk/enzyme/EC3/1/1/14.html", "Holden M. The breakdown of chloropyll by chlorophyllase. Biochemistry Department. 1961(78):364.", "G\u00f3mez P. Premios Nobel \u2013 Qu\u00edmica 1915 Richard Willstatter. [Internet] Espa\u00f1a. El Tamiz. 2013. [Citado 10 de noviembre de 2022]. https://eltamiz.com/2013/09/25/premios-nobel-quimica-1915-richard-willstatter/", "Okazawa A, Tang L, Itoh Y, Fukusaki E, Kobayashi A. Characterization and Subcellular Localization of Chlorophyllase from Ginkgo biloba. Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Naturforsch C [Internet]. 2006;61(1\u20132):111\u20137. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1515/znc-2006-1-220", "Tsuchiya T, Ohta H, Okawa K, Iwamatsu A, Shimada H, Masuda T, et al. Cloning of chlorophyllase, the key enzyme in chlorophyll degradation: Finding of a lipase motif and the induction by methyl jasmonate. Proc Natl Acad Sci [Internet]. 1999 Dec 21;96(26):15362\u20137. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.96.26.15362", "Srivastava LM. CHAPTER 20 - Vegetative Storage Protein, Tuberization, Senescence, and Abscission. In: Srivastava LMBT-PG and D, editor. Plant Growth and Development [Internet]. San Diego: Academic Press; 2002. p. 473\u2013502. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780126605709501623"]}

Country
Mexico
Keywords

enzimas; clorofilasa; clorofila; cloroplasto; glicoproteina, BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA, enzimas; clorofilasa; clorofila; cloroplasto; glicoproteina

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