Cervus elaphus Linnaeus, 1758. Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1:67. REVIEWED BY: D. E. Babb (DEB). TYPE LOCALITY: S. Sweden. DISTRIBUTION: Forest, moorland and alpine habitats of Europe, Caucasus and C. Asia to W. and N. China and Ussuri region (U.S.S.R.); N. W. Tunisia; N.E. Algeria; Corsica; Sardinia; North America from British Columbia (Canada) south to California, New Mexico, and Louisiana, east to New York and S. Carolina (U.S.A.) (now restricted to western areas and reserves in N. America). Introduced to South America and New Zealand. COMMENT: Includes affinis, bactrianus, hanglu, macneilli, wallichi, xanthopygus, yarkandensis; see Corbet, 1978:201. Includes canadensis, merriami, and nannodes; see McCullough, 1969, Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool., 88:1 -209; Hall, 1981:1084- 1087. PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix I and U.S. ESA - Endangered as C. e. hanglu subspecies only. CITES - Appendix II and U.S. ESA - Endangered as C. e. bactrianus subspecies only. CITES - Appendix III (Tunisia) and U.S. ESA -Endangered as C. e. barbarus subspecies only. U.S. ESA - Endangered as C. e. corsicanus subspecies only. U.S. ESA - Endangered as C. e. macneilli subspecies only. U.S. ESA - Endangered as C. e. ivallichi subspecies only. U.S. ESA - Endangered as C. e. yarkandensis subspecies only. ISIS NUMBER: 5301419006004005001.

Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Artiodactyla, pp. 315-343 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 320, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7352976