In the last decade there was much discussion related to the consumption of A1 and A2 milk. There was much discussion about the health issues related to it. A2 milk is the milk that contains only the A2 type of beta-casein protein whereas A1 milk contains only A1 beta casein or A1A2 type variant. A1 and A2 α-casein are genetic variants of the beta-casein milk protein with different chemical structures. A1 protein variant is commonly found in milk from crossbred and European breeds of cattle. A2 milk is found basically in indigenous cows and buffaloes of India (Asia as a whole). Studies suggest that A1 milk consumption may lead to type -1 diabetes among children, cardiovascular disease (IHD), delayed psychomotor development among children, autism, schizophrenia, sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) auto-immune diseases, intolerances and allergies but all these differ individually. This article summarizes the reality related to A1 and A2 milk.