MURAENIDAE Echidna nebulosa (Ahl 1789) Gulf of Suez: ¯ Gulf of Aqaba: Egypt (Marshall 1952), Israel (Ben-Tuvia & Steinitz 1952), Jordan (Khalaf & Disi 1997). Red Sea main basin: Egypt (Klunzinger 1871, as Muraena nebulosa), Eritrea (Borsieri 1904, as Muraena nebulosa), Saudi Arabia (Botros 1971, as Muraena nebulosa), Yemen (Botros 1971, as Muraena nebulosa). General distribution: Red Sea, Indo-Pacific: East Africa east to Panama. Echidna polyzona (Richardson 1845) Gulf of Suez: ¯ Gulf of Aqaba: Egypt (Marshall 1952), Israel (Randall & Golani 1995), Jordan (Khalaf 2004). Red Sea main basin: Egypt (Klunzinger 1871, as Muraena polyzona). General distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa east to Marshall and Tuamotu islands. Enchelycore bayeri (Schultz 1953) Gulf of Suez: ¯ Gulf of Aqaba: Egypt (Randall & Golani 1995). Red Sea main basin: Egypt (Randall & Golani 1995), Saudi Arabia (Randall & Golani 1995). General distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: Réunion, Maldives and Chagos Archipelago east to Line, Marquesas and Society islands. Enchelycore schismatorhynchus (Bleeker 1853) Gulf of Suez: ¯ Gulf of Aqaba: ¯ Red Sea main basin: Egypt (Klunzinger 1871, as Muraena hemprichii; Böhlke & Smith 2002, Debelius 2007 as Gymnothorax monochrous). General distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: Chagos Archipelago east to Society and Marquesas islands. Gymnomuraena zebra (Shaw 1797) Gulf of Suez: ¯ Gulf of Aqaba: Jordan (Khalaf & Disi 1997, as Echidna zebra). Red Sea main basin: Egypt (Klunzinger 1871, as Muraena zebra), Eritrea (Clark et al. 1968, as Echidna zebra), Saudi Arabia (Forsskål in Niebuhr 1775, as Muraena ophis; see Fricke 2008); Yemen (Forsskål in Niebuhr 1775, as Muraena ophis; see Fricke 2008). General distribution: Red Sea, Indo-Pacific: East Africa east to Revillagigedo Archipelago and Mexico. Gymnothorax angusticauda (Weber & de Beaufort 1916) Gulf of Suez: ¯ Gulf of Aqaba: Egypt (Randall & Golani 1995). Red Sea main basin: Saudi Arabia (Bogorodsky et al. 2014b). General distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: Indonesia, Papua New Guinea. Gymnothorax atolli (Pietschmann 1935) Gulf of Suez: ¯ Gulf of Aqaba: Israel (Böhlke & McCosker 2001). Red Sea main basin: ¯ General distribution: Red Sea, western Pacific: southern Japan, Lord Howe Island, Hawaiian Islands Chain. * Gymnothorax baranesi Smith, Brokovich & Einbinder 2008 Gulf of Suez: ¯ Gulf of Aqaba: Israel (Smith et al. 2008). Red Sea main basin: ¯ General distribution: Gulf of Aqaba endemic. Gymnothorax buroensis (Bleeker 1857) Gulf of Suez: ¯ Gulf of Aqaba: Egypt (Marshall 1952, as Gymnothorax meleagris), Israel (Randall & Golani 1995), Jordan (Khalaf 2004). Red Sea main basin: Egypt (Klunzinger 1871, as Muraena corallina), Eritrea (Tortonese 1957, as Gymnothorax meleagris and G. corallinus). General distribution: Red Sea, Indo-Pacific: East Africa east to Panama. Gymnothorax elegans Bliss 1883 Gulf of Suez: ¯ Gulf of Aqaba: Jordan (Ajiad & El-Absy 1986, as Lycodontis elegans). Red Sea main basin: ¯ General distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa east to Hawaiian and Society islands. Gymnothorax favagineus Bloch & Schneider 1801 Gulf of Suez: ¯ Gulf of Aqaba: ¯ Red Sea main basin: Yemen (Randall 1994c). General distribution: Southern Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa east to southern Japan and Papua New Guinea. Gymnothorax flavimarginatus (Rüppell 1830) Gulf of Suez: ¯ Gulf of Aqaba: Egypt (Marshall 1952, as Gymnothorax flavimarginata), Jordan (Khalaf 2004). Red Sea main basin: Egypt (Klunzinger 1871, as Muraena flavimarginata), Sudan (Randall & Golani 1995), Eritrea (Tortonese 1957), Saudi Arabia (Roux-Estève & Fourmanoir 1955, as Gymnothorax flavomarginatus). General distribution: Red Sea, Indo-Pacific: East Africa east to Panama. Gymnothorax griseus (Lacepède 1803) Gulf of Suez: ¯ Gulf of Aqaba: Egypt (Marshall 1952, as Gymnothorax geometrica), Israel (Steinitz & Ben-Tuvia 1955, as Gymnothorax geometricus; Tortonese 1968, as Echidna grisea), Jordan (Bouchon et al. 1981, as Siderea grisea). Red Sea main basin: Egypt (Klunzinger 1871, as Muraena geometrica; Diamant & Shpigel 1985, as Siderea grisea), Sudan (Botros 1971, as Gymnothorax geometricus; Krupp 1990, as Siderea grisea), Eritrea (Rüppell 1830, as Muraena geometrica), Saudi Arabia (Rüppell 1838, as Muraena bilineata; Tortonese 1983, as Echidna grisea), Yemen (Debelius 2007, as Siderea grisea). General distribution: Red Sea, western Indian Ocean: East Africa and Transkei (South Africa) to Seychelles, Madagascar and Mascarenes. Gymnothorax hepaticus (Rüppell 1830) Gulf of Suez: ¯ Gulf of Aqaba: Egypt (Randall & Golani 1995), Jordan (Khalaf 2004, as Gymnothorax monochrous). Red Sea main basin: Egypt (Klunzinger 1871, as Muraena hepatica), Sudan (Bamber 1915, as Gymnothorax hepatica), Eritrea (Kossmann & Räuber 1877, as Muraena cinerascens), Saudi Arabia (Rüppell 1830, as Muraena cinerascens), Yemen (D'Ancona 1928, as Leptocephalus muraenae hepatica). General distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: India east to Samoa. Gymnothorax javanicus (Bleeker 1859) Gulf of Suez: ¯ Gulf of Aqaba: Jordan (Khalaf 2004). Red Sea main basin: Egypt (Klunzinger 1871, as Muraena javanica), Sudan (Randall & Golani 1995), Yemen (Heda et al. 1998). General distribution: Red Sea, Indo-Pacific: East Africa east to Hawaiian Islands, Pitcairn Group and Cocos Island. Gymnothorax johnsoni (Smith 1962) Gulf of Suez: ¯ Gulf of Aqaba: Egypt (Randall & Golani 1995), Israel (McCosker et al. 1983), Jordan (Khalaf & Disi 1997). Red Sea main basin: Eritrea (Randall & Golani 1995). General distribution: Red Sea, western Indian Ocean: East Africa to Madagascar and Mascarenes. Gymnothorax moluccensis (Bleeker 1864) Gulf of Suez: ¯ Gulf of Aqaba: ¯ Red Sea main basin: Yemen (Randall & Golani 1995). General distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: Christmas Island and Indonesia to Gulf of Thailand and Queensland (Australia). Gymnothorax nudivomer (Günther 1867) Gulf of Suez: ¯ Gulf of Aqaba: Egypt (Randall & Golani 1995), Israel (Fowler & Steinitz 1956), Jordan (Khalaf & Disi 1997). Red Sea main basin: ¯ General distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa east to Hawaiian Islands. Gymnothorax pictus (Ahl 1789) Red Sea: Egypt (Haroun et al. 2017). Gulf of Suez: ¯ Gulf of Aqaba: Israel (Randall & Golani 1995, as Siderea picta). Red Sea main basin: Eritrea (Tortonese 1935), Saudi Arabia (Tortonese 1983). General distribution: Red Sea, Indo-Pacific: East Africa east to Panama. Gymnothorax pindae Smith 1962 Red Sea: Egypt (Haroun et al. 2017). Gulf of Suez: ¯ Gulf of Aqaba: Israel (Randall & Golani 1995). Red Sea main basin: ¯ General distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa east to Hawaiian Islands and Pitcairn Group. Gymnothorax pseudoherrei Böhlke 2000 Gulf of Suez: ¯ Gulf of Aqaba: ¯ Red Sea main basin: Eritrea (Randall & Golani 1995, as Gymnothorax herrei). General distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf east to Philippines and Solomon Islands. Gymnothorax punctatus Bloch & Schneider 1801 Gulf of Suez: ¯ Gulf of Aqaba: Egypt (Lieske & Myers 2010), Israel (Fowler & Steinitz 1956; Randall & Golani 1995). Red Sea main basin: - General distribution: Red Sea, Western Indian Ocean: East Africa to western India. Gymnothorax randalli Smith & Böhlke 1997 Gulf of Suez: ¯ Gulf of Aqaba: Egypt (Randall & Golani 1995, as Gymnothorax punctatofasciatus). Red Sea main basin: Saudi Arabia (Bogorodsky et al. 2014b). General distribution: Red Sea, Indian Ocean: Lombok (Indonesia). Gymnothorax reticularis Bloch 1795 Gulf of Suez: ¯ Gulf of Aqaba: Israel (Randall & Golani 1995). Red Sea main basin: Saudi Arabia (Bogorodsky et al. 2014b). General distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: Mauritius (Mascarenes) east to southern Japan and New Guinea. Remark: Lessepsian migrant into eastern Mediterranean (see Stern & Goren 2013). Gymnothorax rueppelliae (McClelland 1844) Gulf of Suez: ¯ Gulf of Aqaba: Egypt (Randall & Golani 1995), Israel (Randall & Golani 1995), Jordan (Khalaf 2004). Red Sea main basin: Egypt (Klunzinger 1871, as Muraena rüppellii). General distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa east to Hawaiian Islands. Gymnothorax thyrsoideus (Richardson 1845) Gulf of Suez: ¯ Gulf of Aqaba: ¯ Red Sea main basin: Egypt (Debelius 2007, as Siderea thyrsoidea). General distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: Maldives east to Line and Tuamotu islands. Gymnothorax undulatus (Lacepède 1803) Gulf of Suez: ¯ Gulf of Aqaba: Egypt (Randall & Golani 1995), Israel (Steinitz & Ben-Tuvia 1955, as Gymnothorax undulata). Red Sea main basin: Egypt (Klunzinger 1871, as Muraena undulata), Sudan (Debelius 2007), Eritrea (D'Ancona 1928, as Muraena undulata; Tortonese 1935), Yemen (D'Ancona 1928, as Leptocephalus muraena undulatae). General distribution: Red Sea, Indo-Pacific: East Africa east to Panama. Muraena helena Linnaeus 1758 Gulf of Suez: ¯ Gulf of Aqaba: Egypt (Randall & Golani 1995). Red Sea main basin: ¯ General distribution: Mediterranean Sea, eastern Atlantic: British Isles to Cape Verde Islands. Remark. Anti-Lessepsian migrant that originated from Mediterranean Sea (Randall & Golani 1995). Strophidon sathete (Hamilton 1822) Gulf of Suez: ¯ Gulf of Aqaba: Egypt (Ajiad 1987b, as Thyrsoidea macrura). Red Sea main basin: ¯ General distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa east to Mariana and Society islands. Uropterygius concolor Rüppell 1838 Gulf of Suez: ¯ Gulf of Aqaba: ¯ Red Sea main basin: Egypt (Klunzinger 1871, as Gymnomuraena concolor), Eritrea (Rüppell 1838). General distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa east to Mariana Islands and Marquesas Islands. * Uropterygius genie Randall & Golani 1995 Gulf of Suez: ¯ Gulf of Aqaba: Egypt (Randall & Golani 1995). Red Sea main basin: Egypt (Randall & Golani 1995). General distribution: Red Sea endemic. * Uropterygius golanii McCosker & Smith 1997 Gulf of Suez: ¯ Gulf of Aqaba: Israel (McCosker & Smith 1997), Egypt (McCosker & Smith 1997). Red Sea main basin: ¯ General distribution: Gulf of Aqaba endemic. Uropterygius macrocephalus (Bleeker 1865) Gulf of Suez: ¯ Gulf of Aqaba: Egypt (Randall & Golani 1995, as Uropterygius makatei). Red Sea main basin: ¯ General distribution: Red Sea, Indo-Pacific: western Mascarenes; Christmas Island (Indian Ocean) east to Panama. Uropterygius micropterus (Bleeker 1852) Gulf of Suez: ¯ Gulf of Aqaba: Egypt (Randall & Golani 1995). Red Sea main basin: ¯ General distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa east to Phoenix Islands. Uropterygius nagoensis Hatooka 1984 Gulf of Suez: ¯ Gulf of Aqaba: ¯ Red Sea main basin: Egypt (Randall & Golani 1995), Sudan (Randall & Golani 1995). General distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: Ryukyu Islands; Papua New Guinea east to Society Islands. Uropterygius polyspilus (Regan 1909) Gulf of Suez: ¯ Gulf of Aqaba: ¯ Red Sea main basin: Egypt (Marshall 1952), Saudi Arabia (Randall & Golani 1995). General distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa east to Hawaiian, Line and Society islands.

Published as part of Golani, Daniel & Fricke, Ronald, 2018, Checklist of the Red Sea Fishes with delineation of the Gulf of Suez, Gulf of Aqaba, endemism and Lessepsian migrants, pp. 1-215 in Zootaxa 4509 (1) on pages 19-24, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4509.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2607566