Family Nepidae Latreille Nepa cinerea Linnaeus Standing or slow-moving bodies of water, large and small. Fully aquatic, poor swimmers, live on the bottom, or in aquatic vegetation (Esenbekova 2008); zoophages, with adults and larvae both feeding on larval Odonata, flies and beetles; univoltine and overwinters as imago, but Stage V larvae may overwinter as well (Kanyukova 2006). Mate most of the year, except for August and September (Papáček 1989); Trans Palearctic. Ranatra linearis (Linnaeus) Standing or slow-moving bodies of water, large and small. Zoophage (preys on fish fry, larvae of dragonflies and beetles); univoltine (Papáček 1989, Dolling 1991) or bivoltine (Dubitsky 1978), overwinters as imago. West Palearctic. Ranatra unicolor Scott Standing and slow-moving large and small water bodies; on submerged surfaces, associated with periphyton; zoophage (preys on fish fry, larvae of dragonflies and beetles; Kanyukova 1989); univoltine; overwinters as imago on the bottom of reservoirs. East Eurasian.

Published as part of Esenbekova, Perizat Abdykairovna, Nurushev, Murat Zhusupbekovich & Homziak, Jurij, 2015, Aquatic Hemiptera (Heteroptera) of Kazakhstan, with notes on life history, ecology and distribution, pp. 195-206 in Zootaxa 4013 (2) on page 196, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4013.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/242624