Key to the identification of the climbing plants of Igarassu based on fruiting material 1. Tendrils present, but not associated with the inflorescence.......................................................................................... 2 1. Tendrils absent, or where present just a simple branch .............................................................................................. 34 2. Leaves opposite............................................................................................................................................................. 3 2. Leaves alternate ............................................................................................................................................................ 6 3. Leaves simple ................................................................................................................................ Strychnos parviflora 3. Leaves compound ......................................................................................................................................................... 4 4. Leaflets bearing two dark glands at their base, branches of the inflorescence flattened in cross-section ...................... ............................................................................................................................................. Phryganocydia corymbosa 4. Leaflets without dark glands, branches of the inflorescence cylindrical in cross-section ............................................ 5 5. Fruits oblongoid, seeds not winged ................................................................................... Adenocalymma hypostictum 5. Frutis elongated, seeds winged .............................................................................................................. Lundia cordata 6. Leaves simple or 1-foliolate compound........................................................................................................................ 7 6. Leaves compound and with more than one foliole..................................................................................................... 26 7. Tendrils hook-like ......................................................................................................................................................... 8 7. Tendrils twining ............................................................................................................................................................ 9 8. Basal third of the leaflet connate; fruit indehiscent ..................................................................... Phanera trichosepala 8. Basal two-thirds of the leaflets connate; fruit dehiscent .................................................................. Phanera outimouta 9. Tendrils axillary to the leaves ..................................................................................................................................... 10 9. Tendril not axillary to the leaves................................................................................................................................. 19 10. Fruits winged, grouped in short ( 20cm) racemes .......................................................................................... 11 11. Leaves entire ............................................................................................................................................................... 12 11. Leaves 2- or more lobbed ........................................................................................................................................... 14 12. Fruits grouped in racemes up to 1.5 m in length ................................................................................. Passiflora ovalis 12. Fruits solitary or in pairs............................................................................................................................................. 13 13. Stem 4-angulate in cross-section; petiole with 2-6 sessile glands ........................................................ Passiflora alata 13. Stem cylindrical in cross-section; petiole with 2 stalked glands ..................................................... Passiflora galbana 14. Leaves 5-lobbed ............................................................................................................................ Passiflora cincinnata 14. Leaves 2- or 3-lobbed ................................................................................................................................................. 15 15. Mature fruits never more than 15mm long ................................................................................................................. 16 15. Mature fruits always more than 15mm long ............................................................................................................... 17 16. Stem hairy, flattened in cross-section ................................................................................................. Passiflora misera 16. Stem glabrous, cylindrical in cross-section .................................................................................... Passiflora suberosa 17. Petiole with two sessile glands ............................................................................................................ Passiflora edulis 17. Petiole with 2-6 stalked glands ................................................................................................................................... 18 18. Apex of the leaves and stipules mucronate ................................................................................. Passiflora watsoniana 18. Apex of the leaves and stipules truncate ........................................................................................ Passiflora edmundoi 19. Tendrils opposite to the leaves (Fig. 3A) ........................................................................................... Cissus verticillata 19. Tendrils in the leaf sheath, at the basis of the inflorescence, or forming an acute angle with petiole (Fig. 3B, C, D, F, G) ................................................................................................................................................................................ 20 20. Tendrils two, in the apex of the leaf sheath (Fig. 3G) ....................................................................... Smilax syphilitica 20. Tendril solitary, in the leaf’s axils, forming an acute angle with the petiole or at the basis of the inflorescence (Fig. 3D) .............................................................................................................................................................................. 21 21. Leaves glabrous .......................................................................................................................................................... 22 21. Leaves hairy................................................................................................................................................................ 23 22. Latex watery; seeds arilate................................................................................................................. Psiguria umbrosa 22. Latex absent; seeds without an aril .............................................................................................. Melothria fluminensis 23. Mature fruits green or yellow striped ......................................................................................................................... 24 23. Mature entirely yellow to orange................................................................................................................................ 25 24. Petioles to 3 cm long; leaves scabrous on the adaxial surface.......................................................... Gurania spinulosa 24. Petioles to 15 cm long; leaves pubescent on the adaxial surface..................................................... Guranis acuminata 25. Mature fruit orange, dehiscent; seeds red .................................................................................... Momordica charantia 25. Mature fruit yellow (rarely red), indehiscent; seeds white ................................................................ Cayaponia tayuya 26. Tendrils borne opposite to the leaves (Fig. 3A).......................................................................................... Cissus erosa 26. Tendrils borne in the axils of the leaves or at the basis of the inflorescence (Fig. 3B, C, D, F, G)............................ 27 27. Fruits fleshy ................................................................................................................................................................ 28 27. Fruits dry..................................................................................................................................................................... 32 28. Leaves with 2 or 3 foliolules....................................................................................................................................... 29 28. Leaves with more than 3-foliolules ............................................................................................................................ 30 29. Plants glabrous; fruits solitary ........................................................................................................... Psiguria triphylla 29. Plants pubscent to scrabous; fruit borne in racemes ..................................................................... Gurania bignoniacea 30. Fruits without wings ........................................................................................................................... Paullinia pinnata 30. Fruit 3-winged............................................................................................................................................................. 31 31. Leaf margin entire; wings of the fruit obovate, apiculate................................................................ Paullinia racemosa 31. Leaf margin dentate; wings of the fruit elliptical, not apiculate ........................................................ Paullinia trigonia 32. Stem flattened in cross-section; leaves pinnate ........................................................................ Machaerium aculeatum 32. Stem cylindrical in cross-section; leaves 3-foliolate or ternate .................................................................................. 33 33. Fruit divided into three oblong-winged samaras ....................................................................... Serjania subinpunctata 33. Fruit divided into three ovate-winged samaras............................................................................ Serjania salzmaniana 34. Leaves opposite or verticillate .................................................................................................................................... 35 34. Leaves alternate .......................................................................................................................................................... 48 35. Stipules borne between the petioles........................................................................................................ Sabicea grisea 35. Stipules not borne between the petioles...................................................................................................................... 36 36. Plants hairy ................................................................................................................................................................. 37 36. Plants glabrous............................................................................................................................................................ 42 37. Latex present............................................................................................................................................................... 38 37. Latex absent ................................................................................................................................................................ 40 38. Glands absent from the leaf limb ................................................................................................. Temnadenia odorifera 38. Glands present on the leaf limb .................................................................................................................................. 39 39. Leaves scabrous, glands 2-6, distributed along the midvein ............................................................ Mandevilla scabra 39. Leaves not scabrous, glands 2-6 grouped at the base of the midvein ................................................ Matelea maritima 40. Leaf covered with long fine hairs; fruit divided into 3 samaras ........................................... Stigymaphyllon blanchetii 40. Leaf covered with short thick hairs............................................................................................................................. 50 41. Fruit a 3-valved capsule; seeds winged .................................................................................... Prionostemma asperum 41. Fruits grouped into a capitate compound infrutescence ...................................................................... Mikania obovata 42. Fruit winged ................................................................................................................................................................ 43 42. Fruit not winged.......................................................................................................................................................... 45 43. Wings less than three times the length of the fruit.................................................................... Niendenzuela acutifolia 43. Wings as long as or longer than three times the length of the fruit ............................................................................ 44 44. Wings oblong-falcate (Fig. 2J) ................................................................................................ Heteropterys nordestina 44. Wings asymmetrically obovate (Fig. 2I) ................................................................................. Stigmaphyllon salzmanii 45. Stigma feather-like................................................................................................................................. Clematis dioica 45. Stigma not feather-like................................................................................................................................................ 46 46. Fruit a 3-carpelar capsule; seeds winged .................................................................................... Hippocratea vollubilis 46. Fruit a berry or a 2-carpelar capsule; seeds not winged ............................................................................................. 47 47. Fruit a capsule, 2-carpelar................................................................................................................... Thunbergia alata 47. Fruit a berry ............................................................................................................................ Mendoncia blanchetiana 48. Ochrea present (Fig. 2N) ............................................................................................................. Coccoloba ochreolata 48. Ohcrea absent.............................................................................................................................................................. 49 49. Leaves compound ....................................................................................................................................................... 50 49. Leaves simple or compound unifoliolate.................................................................................................................... 69 50. Palms. Terminal leaflets reduced, stiff and hook-like (Fig. 4A)................................................................................. 51 50. Not palms. Terminal leaflets not hook-like, foliaceus ................................................................................................ 52 51. Raphe unarmed, leaflets unarmed or sometimes armed with thorns at the basis of the leaflets; apex of bracts covered in narrow thorns (Fig. 4B) ..................................................................................................... Desmoncus orthacanthos 51. Raphe and abaxial surface of the leaflets armed with stiff and twisted thorns; apex of bracts covered in pustular thorns (Fig. 4C) ...................................................................................................................... Desmoncus polyacanthos 52. Inflorescences opposite to the leaves .......................................................................................................... Cissus erosa 52. Inflorescences never opposite to the leaves................................................................................................................ 53 53. Leaves digitate ............................................................................................................................. Merremia macrocalyx 53. Leaves with 3 or more leaflets, never digitate ............................................................................................................ 54 54. Prickles or thorns present ................................................................................................................ Senegalia tenuifolia 54. Prickles or thorns absent ............................................................................................................................................. 55 55. Calyx persistent, 2-lobed ............................................................................................................................................ 56 55. Calyx persistent, 4 or 5 lobed ..................................................................................................................................... 58 56. Abaxial surface of the leave glabrous ........................................................................................... Canavalia parviflora 56. Abaxial surface of the leave glabrescent to pubescent ............................................................................................... 57 57. Calyx lobes of unequal lengths ................................................................................................... Canavalia braziliensis 57. Calyx lobes of equal lengths ............................................................................................................ Canavalia dictyota 58. Calyx 5 lobed .............................................................................................................................................................. 58 58. Calyx 4-lobed.............................................................................................................................................................. 66 59. Calyx including a spur ................................................................................................................................................ 60 59. Calyx lacking a spur ................................................................................................................................................... 61 60. Stem cylindrical; calyx lobes unequal in size, the larger lobe twice the length of the calyx tube.................................. ................................................................................................................................................... Centrosema pubescens 60. Stem angulate; calyx lobes of equal size ...................................................................................... Centrosema plumieri 61. Bracteole caducous; calyx campanulate ..................................................................................................................... 62 61. Bracteole persistent; calyx tubular.............................................................................................................................. 63 62. Stems bearing lenticels, glabrous; leaflets lanceolate; calyx persistent in fruit ............................. Connarus blanchetii 62. Stem lacking lenticels, hairy; leaflets ovate; calyx not persistent ............................................. Rynchosia pyramidalis 63. Seeds more than ten per fruit ................................................................................................... Macroptilum prostratum 63. Seeds 4-6 per fruit....................................................................................................................................................... 64 64. Legume obtusely quadrangular; seeds spherical ................................................................................... Clitoria falcata 64. Legume oblong to linear ............................................................................................................................................. 65 65. Plants glabrous; bracteoles stiff, adpressed to the rachis ........................................................................... Vigna luteola 65. Plants hirsute; bracteoles membranaceous, free ..................................................................................... Vigna vexillata 66. Lobes of the calyx of unequal length (Fig. 4D); fruit with urticating hairs… .................................... Mucuna pruriens 66. Lobes of the calyx of equal length; fruit without urticating hairs .............................................................................. 67 67. Plants herbaceous ..................................................................................................................... Centrosema brazilianum 67. Plants woody............................................................................................................................................................... 68 68. Stem hairy; calyx glabrous .................................................................................................................... Dioclea virgata 68. Stem glabrous; calyx hairy .................................................................................................................. Dioclea violacea 69. Fruits grouped in a flower-like inflorescence ............................................................................................................. 70 69. Fruits borne in racemes, panicles, glomerules or solitary........................................................................................... 73 70. Fruits arranged into a capitate compound inflorescence ....................................................... Cyrtocymura scorpioides 70. Fruits protected by two persistent, bright involucral bracts, not arranged into a capitulum ...................................... 71 71. Involucral bracts entire (Fig 4E) ....................................................................................... Dalechampia convolvuloides 71. Involucral bracts 3-lobed ............................................................................................................................................ 72 72. Stipules linear-subulate; seed rough, dark-brown (Fig 4F) ................................................... Dalechampia brasiliensis 72. Stipules reniform; seeds smooth, light-brown (Fig 4F) .................................................. Dalechampia pernambucensis 73. Plant bearing urticating hairs; fruit a 3-lobed capsule; a single seed per locule......................................................... 74 73. Plant not bearing urticating hairs; fruit 3-lobed or not, where 3-lobed more than one seed per locule ..................... 75 74. Leaves 5-veined ..................................................................................................................................... Tragia volubilis 74. Leaves 3-veined ................................................................................................................................. Tragia lessertiana 75. Fruit solitary................................................................................................................................................................ 76 75. Fruit borne in racemes, panicles or glomerule............................................................................................................ 77 76. Pseudo-stipules reniform ......................................................................................................... Aristolochia brasiliensis 76. Pesudo-stipules absent .............................................................................................................. Aristolochia pappillaris 77. Fruit a pod................................................................................................................................................................... 78 77. Fruit not a pod............................................................................................................................................................. 79 78. Apical third of the leaflets connate; bracts linear-lanceolate ....................................................... Phanera trichosepala 78. Basal third of the leaflets connate; bracts reniform ......................................................................... Phanera outimouta 79. Fruits winged .............................................................................................................................................................. 80 79. Fruits not winged ........................................................................................................................................................ 81 80. Fruits 3-winged; seeds numerous, flattened ................................................................................. Dioscorea marginata 80. Fruits 1-winged; one seed per fruit, spherical ............................................................................ Securidaca diversifolia 81. Fruits fleshy ................................................................................................................................................................ 82 81. Fruits dry..................................................................................................................................................................... 84 82. Fruits born in a cime, opposite to the leaves ....................................................................................... Cissus verticilata 82. Fruits born in caulinar or terminal racemes ................................................................................................................ 83 83. Leaves peltate; bracts cordate .................................................................................................. Cissampelos glaberrima 83. Leaves no peltate; bracts filiform ........................................................................................ Cissampelos andromorpha 84. Stems not releasing latex when cut............................................................................................................................. 85 84. Stems releasing white or colourless latex when cut ................................................................................................... 86 85. Sepals persistent, unequal, internal 2 bigger than the external 3, surrounding the fruit (Fig. 4H); seeds with a white aril ............................................................................................................................................................ Davila aspera 85. Sepals persistent, equal in size, not surrounding the fruit; seeds without a white aril ............................................... 87 86. Fruits solitary ................................................................................................................................. Operculina altissima 86. Fruits grouped in infrutescences ................................................................................................................................. 88 87. Fruits born in terminal racemes ...................................................................................................... Tetracera breyniana 87. Fruits born in axillary or cauliflorous glomerules ....................................................................... Doliocarpus dentatus 88. Leaves pinatifid ................................................................................................................................ Ipomoea quamoclit 88. Leaves entire to 5-lobed.............................................................................................................................................. 89 89. Leaves sagitate; inner surface of sepals with liguliform appendix ................................................... Ipomoea bahiensis 89. Leaves never sagitated; inner surface of sepals without appendix ............................................................................. 90 90. Leaves 3–5-lobed; sepals ............................................................................................................... Ipomoea hederifolia 90. Leaves entire; sepals not corniculate .......................................................................................................................... 91 91. Leaves and sepals glabrous......................................................................................................................................... 92 91. Leaves and sepals hairy .............................................................................................................................................. 93 92. Fruits irregulary dehiscent; seeds triangular ................................................................................... Merremia umbelata 92. Fruits regulary dehiscent; seeds with two surfaces flat, one convex .................................................. Ipomoea obscura 93. Fruits 4-valved, each valve dividing into two ................................................................ Jacquemontia menispermoides 93. Fruits 4-valved, valves not subdividing upon opening............................................................................................... 94 94. Leaves elliptic; hairs golden .......................................................................................................... Bonamia maripoides 94. Leaves cordate; hairs white .................................................................................................................... Ipomoea martii

Published as part of Araújo, Diogo & Alves, Marccus, 2010, Climbing plants of a fragmented area of lowland Atlantic Forest, Igarassu, Pernambuco (northeastern Brazil), pp. 1-24 in Phytotaxa 8 on pages 12-15, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.8.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4893863