This article provides information about the ethnic groups of the Bukhara oasis and the study of ethnolinguistics, as well as their relationship with ethnoculture and language. Bukhara Iranians and their classification into groups and ethnolinguistic characteristics, ethnolinguistic processes in domestic and international relations, the role of language in the formation and activity of ethnic communities, language and traditional culture, ethnic identity of thought, ethnolinguistic classification of world languages.