
doi: 10.5261/2012.esp3.09
espanolEl objetivo de este trabajo es describir la situacion del sector del caucho natural en el mundo, analizando las areas plantadas, la dinamica de produccion y consumo, asi como algunos factores que impactan sobre su oferta. A pesar de su origen sudamericano, las mayores superficies de plantaciones del arbol del caucho (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg), asi como las mayores producciones, se concentran en Asia. Diversos paises asiaticos (Tailandia, Indonesia, Malasia, India, Vietnam y China) concentran el 92% de la superficie y tambien el 92% de la produccion. En cuanto a los paises de America, solo Brasil alcanza un 1% de la produccion, mientras que los demas paises productores americanos, asi como los de Africa y Oceania, no llegan a esa cifra y en conjunto suman el 8% mundial. Los rendimientos de las plantaciones de caucho natural de los paises asiaticos son debidos en parte a la concentracion de area, a la optimizacion de las tecnicas de explotacion durante mas de ocho decadas, al mejoramiento del material vegetal clonado y a la introduccion de politicas que favorecen el desarrollo del sector. Otros factores que condicionan la oferta mundial de caucho natural son las condiciones meteorologicas, la situacion sociopolitica en algunos paises productores, las preocupaciones de orden ambiental, el precio del petroleo, la desaceleracion de la economia en Estados Unidos y la crisis economica de la eurozona. EnglishThe aim of this paper is to describe the situation in the sector of natural rubber in the world, analyzing the planted areas, dynamics of production and consumption as well as some factors that impact the supply. Despite its South American origin, the largest areas of plantations of rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg), and higher yields are concentrated in Asia. Several Asian countries (Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, India, Vietnam and China) account for 92% of the planted area and of the world production. Among the South American countries, Brazil reaches 1% of world production; the rest of countries does not reach those numbers nor do the countries of Africa and Oceania, and collectively account for 8% of world production. The high yields of natural rubber plantations of the Asian countries are due in part to the concentration of surface, the improvement of farming techniques for over eight decades, the breeding of cloned plant material and the introduction of policies that favor the development of the sector. Other factors affecting the global supply of natural rubber are the weather conditions, the socio-political situation in some producing countries, the environmental concerns, oil prices, the slow-down of U.S. economy and the economic crisis in the Eurozone.
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