A majority of established quantum generalizations of discrete structures are shown to be instances of a single quantum generalization. In particular, the quantum graphs of Duan, Severini and Winter, the quantum metric spaces of Kuperberg and Weaver, the quantum isomorphisms of Atserias, Man��inska, Roberson, ����mal, Severini and Varvitsiotis and the quantum groups of Woronowicz that are all discrete in the sense that the underlying von Neumann algebra is hereditarily atomic are shown to be subclasses of a single class of discrete quantum structures. Such a discrete quantum structure is defined to be a discrete quantum space equipped with relations and functions of various arities. Weaver's quantum predicate logic, a generalization of the quantum propositional logic of Birkhoff and von Neumann, provides canonical quantum generalizations for a large class of properties. The equality relation on discrete quantum spaces that is introduced here plays a central role in this approach to mathematical quantization.

64 pages; corrected statement of Theorem 1.2.1 only