
arXiv: 2002.10490
The class $\mathsf{MIP}^*$ is the set of languages decidable by multiprover interactive proofs with quantum entangled provers. It was recently shown by Ji, Natarajan, Vidick, Wright and Yuen that $\mathsf{MIP}^*$ is equal to $\mathsf{RE}$, the set of recursively enumerable languages. In particular this shows that the complexity of approximating the quantum value of a non-local game $G$ is equivalent to the complexity of the Halting problem. In this paper we investigate the complexity of deciding whether the quantum value of a non-local game $G$ is exactly $1$. This problem corresponds to a complexity class that we call zero gap $\mathsf{MIP}^*$, denoted by $\mathsf{MIP}^*_0$, where there is no promise gap between the verifier's acceptance probabilities in the YES and NO cases. We prove that $\mathsf{MIP}^*_0$ extends beyond the first level of the arithmetical hierarchy (which includes $\mathsf{RE}$ and its complement $\mathsf{coRE}$), and in fact is equal to $��_2^0$, the class of languages that can be decided by quantified formulas of the form $\forall y \, \exists z \, R(x,y,z)$. Combined with the previously known result that $\mathsf{MIP}^{co}_0$ (the commuting operator variant of $\mathsf{MIP}^*_0$) is equal to $\mathsf{coRE}$, our result further highlights the fascinating connection between various models of quantum multiprover interactive proofs and different classes in computability theory.
Fixed typos and edited protocol to more smoothly follow from references
FOS: Computer and information sciences, Quantum Physics, FOS: Physical sciences, Computational Complexity (cs.CC), Computability Theory, 004, Multiprover Interactive Proofs, Computer Science - Computational Complexity, Quantum Complexity, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), ddc: ddc:004
FOS: Computer and information sciences, Quantum Physics, FOS: Physical sciences, Computational Complexity (cs.CC), Computability Theory, 004, Multiprover Interactive Proofs, Computer Science - Computational Complexity, Quantum Complexity, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), ddc: ddc:004
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