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Infinite log-concavity: developments and conjectures

Authors: McNamara, Peter; Sagan, Bruce;

Infinite log-concavity: developments and conjectures

Abstract

Given a sequence $(a_k)=a_0,a_1,a_2,\ldots$ of real numbers, define a new sequence $\mathcal{L}(a_k)=(b_k)$ where $b_k=a_k^2-a_{k-1}a_{k+1}$. So $(a_k)$ is log-concave if and only if $(b_k)$ is a nonnegative sequence. Call $(a_k)$ $\textit{infinitely log-concave}$ if $\mathcal{L}^i(a_k)$ is nonnegative for all $i \geq 1$. Boros and Moll conjectured that the rows of Pascal's triangle are infinitely log-concave. Using a computer and a stronger version of log-concavity, we prove their conjecture for the $n$th row for all $n \leq 1450$. We can also use our methods to give a simple proof of a recent result of Uminsky and Yeats about regions of infinite log-concavity. We investigate related questions about the columns of Pascal's triangle, $q$-analogues, symmetric functions, real-rooted polynomials, and Toeplitz matrices. In addition, we offer several conjectures. Étant donné une suite $(a_k)=a_0,a_1,a_2,\ldots$ de nombres réels, on définit une nouvelle suite $\mathcal{L}(a_k)=(b_k)$ où $b_k=a_k^2-a_{k-1}a_{k+1}$. Alors $(a_k)$ est log-concave si et seulement si $(b_k)$ est une suite non négative. On dit que $(a_k)$ est $\textit{infiniment log-concave}$ si $\mathcal{L}^i(a_k)$ est non négative pour tout $i \geq 1$. Boros et Moll ont conjecturé que les lignes du triangle de Pascal sont infiniment log-concave. Utilisant un ordinateur et une version plus forte de log-concavité, on vérifie leur conjecture pour la $n$ième ligne, pour tout $n \leq 1450$. On peut aussi utiliser nos méthodes pour donner une preuve simple d'un résultat récent de Uminsky et Yeats à propos des régions de log-concavité infini. Reliées à ces idées, on examine des questions à propos des colonnes du triangle de Pascal, des $q$-analogues, des fonctions symétriques, des polynômes avec racines réelles, et des matrices de Toeplitz. De plus, on offre plusieurs conjectures.

Country
United States
Related Organizations
Keywords

[info.info-dm] computer science [cs]/discrete mathematics [cs.dm], binomial coefficients, computer proof, Combinatorial inequalities, infinite log-concavity, toeplitz matrices, QA1-939, Binomial coefficients, FOS: Mathematics, Mathematics - Combinatorics, Iteration theory, iterative and composite equations, symmetric functions, Gaussian polynomial, [math.math-co] mathematics [math]/combinatorics [math.co], real roots, Computer proof, Symmetric functions and generalizations, Basic hypergeometric functions, Applied Mathematics, Infinite log-concavity, gaussian polynomial, Symmetric functions, [MATH.MATH-CO] Mathematics [math]/Combinatorics [math.CO], [INFO.INFO-DM] Computer Science [cs]/Discrete Mathematics [cs.DM], Real roots, \(q\)-calculus and related topics, Toeplitz matrices, Combinatorics (math.CO), Factorials, binomial coefficients, combinatorial functions, Mathematics, 05A10 (Primary) 05A20, 05E05, 39B12 (Secondary)

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
23
Top 10%
Top 10%
Top 10%
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