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Muon Tomography sites for Colombian volcanoes

مواقع التصوير المقطعي بالميون للبراكين الكولومبية
Authors: A. Vesga-Ramírez; D. Sierra-Porta; Jesús Peña-Rodríguez; J. D. Sanabria-Gómez; M. Valencia-Otero; Christian Sarmiento‐Cano; Mauricio Suárez-Durán; +2 Authors

Muon Tomography sites for Colombian volcanoes

Abstract

By using a very detailed simulation scheme, we have calculated the cosmic ray background flux at 13 active Colombian volcanoes and developed a methodology to identify the most convenient places for a muon telescope to study their inner structure. Our simulation scheme considers three critical factors with different spatial and time scales: the geo-magnetic effects, the development of extensive air showers in the atmosphere, and the detector response at ground level. The muon energy dissipation along the path crossing the geological structure is modeled considering the losses due to ionization, and also contributions from radiative Bremßtrahlung, nuclear interactions, and pair production. By examining each particular volcano topography and assuming reasonable statistics for different instrument acceptances, we obtained the muon flux crossing each structure and estimated the exposure time for our hybrid muon telescope at several points around each geological edifice. After a detailed study from the topography, we have identified the best volcano to be studied, spotted the best points to place a muon telescope and estimated its time exposures for a significant statistics of muon flux. We have devised a mix of technical and logistic rules –the “rule of thumb” criteria– and found that only Cerro Machín, located at the Cordillera Central (4°29'N 75°22'W), can be feasibly studied today through muography. Cerro Negro and Chiles could be good candidates shortly.

Keywords

Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Advancements in Particle Detector Technology, Muon, Nuclear physics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Particle Dark Matter and Detection Methods, Physics - Geophysics, High-Energy Astrophysics and Particle Acceleration Studies, Volcano, Telescope, Seismology, Cosmic-Ray Muon Imaging, Physics, Geology, Geomorphology, FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences, Cosmic ray, Materials science, Geophysics (physics.geo-ph), Dome (geology), Physics and Astronomy, Physical Sciences, Metallurgy, Flux (metallurgy)

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    popularity
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    Top 10%
    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
9
Top 10%
Average
Top 10%
Green
Published in a Diamond OA journal