<div class="htmlview paragraph">Torsional softening arising from the deformation-induced anisotropy of texture and dislocation substructure formation affects various regions of the forming limit diagram. The third invariant of overstress, <img class="article-image inline" src="960599_fig0001.jpg" alt=""/> is included in the kinematic and isotropic hardening equations to reflect the dislocation substructure and texture effect on the torsional softening for 304L stainless steel. Common J₂ type theories that do not model the torsional softening exhibited in effective stress-strain curves of compression and torsion give rise to different responses at localization and failure and in the post-localization regime.</div>