This study is a theoretical synthesis of researches performed in the scholar context aiming to present an active teaching and learning proposal that sees teaching approach as the dialectical unity in concepts of internalization movement. The actions are organized by the professor and carried out by the subjects who are actively involved in the educational process. The field research is based on the assumptions of dialectical and historical materialism, historical and cultural psychology and the action-research. In the theoretical field, the study shows the theoretical and methodological principles of the pedagogical activity and characterizes the triggering situation, the ways of action in the study community, and the means of learning control as the structure of the activity in common existing in the teaching-learning relationship. The results show the teaching organization based on school reality which aims, through the processes of questioning reality and mediating historically elaborated knowledge, to lead the subjects involved in pedagogical activities to the comprehension of what is real and to the development of human potential.