Root lesion nematode, one of the three most devastated plant parasitic nematodes, is widespread in the world. They can invade various food and cash crops, and cause great agriculture loss. Recognition and identification of root lesion nematode are important joint of nematode management, as well as the mechanism research of plant anti-nematode, which is of great benefit to breed resistance varieties. In this review, the recent advances in nematode identification and research of plant anti-nematode are presented, and the importance of non-inaccuracy identification of nematode was emphasized. The mechanism of resistance to root lesion nematode was also discussed.