Infectious diseases are one of the biggest health problems not only in Indonesia, but also in the whole world. Prescribing antibiotics in Indonesia are quite high and increased the incidence of resistance. This study is aimed to evaluate the rationality of antibiotic use in children at the hospital qualitatively. This research is descriptive analysis of retrospective antibiotic prescribing data in children use a Gyssens’ criteria and types of antibiotic therapy. Incidence of infection in children under 12 y of age amounted to 93.2%. The analysis results by using the Gyssens’ criteria are obtained category O (rational use) of 32%, V (no indication) of 27.4%, IIA (inappropriate dose) of 0.6%, IIB (inappropriate interval) of 1.7%, IIIA (duration too short) of 2.9%, IIIB (duration too long) of 11.4%, IVA (alternative more effective) of 17.7%, IVB (alternative less toxic) of 2.9%, IVC (alternative less cost) of 2.9% and IVD (alternative narrower spectrum) of 0.6%. The results showed that the grouping of most types of therapy was antimicrobial drugs empiric therapy in 47.4% cases followed successively by antimicrobial drugs unknown therapy 32.6%, antimicrobial drugs documented therapy amounted to 12%, antimicrobial drugs extended empiric therapy amounted to 6.9% and antimicrobial drugs prophylaxis therapy amounted to 1.1%. The use of antibiotics in pediatric patients at the hospital in Bengkulu, Indonesia substantively is inappropriate based on qualitative analysis.