The anatomy of the temporal region is complex. Also there is controversy over the structures that make up the region. Thus than classically described anatomical structures as fascias, temporal muscle, frontal nerve, arteries, the superficial temporal muscle is present in a variable number of cases. This muscle represents fibrous regression of named superficial temporal muscle very developed in animals with a specific masticatory action. In human has no physiological importance but its knowledge is important for plastic and maxillofacial surgeons to undertake surgeries in the region since it can generate confusion over anatomical planes and their relationship to vessels and nerves.