Different types of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) are manufactured by some auto manufacturers or developed by some researchers to improve fuel economy and reduce emissions. HEVs reduce the vehicular emissions, however, they are not able to deliver zero local emissions. Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) are new types of HEVs that have more batteries, more powerful traction motors and the plug-in capability such that they can be operated in all-electric mode for a given distance and the batteries can be charged from the power grid. PHEVs have the potential to further increase the fuel economy and reduce the vehicular emissions of HEVs. This paper evaluates the advanced batteries for HEV and PHEV applications and develops equations to calculate the performance requirements and costs of different subsystems in a vehicle.

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