The authors of the present article outline the main features of the contributions presented during the Third National Congress of Silviculture – session two “Silviculture, Fire and Grazing”. Most of the works referred to fire, with particular attention to prevision, prevention and restoration activities in relation to changes taking place in the Italian forest scenarios. Many authors highlighted the necessity of modifying the approach towards fires and of widening the application of new prevention methods, such as prescribed burns. As concerns grazing, the wish of the application of sustainable managing models, as well as of those respectful of the environment and of the productive functions of grazing, has been expressed.