NEOPLASM is an abnormal and un-coordinated growth of tissue, which is categorized by WHO (World Health Organization) as benign tumors, in-situ tumors, malignant tumors, and neoplasms of uncertain or unknown behavior.[1] Cancer is a malignant tumor featuring abnormal cell growth and cellular division resulting in excessive cellular proliferation, with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body.[2,3] Dysplasia is linked to altered tissue architecture, with one of the reasons being excessive cellular proliferation, leading in all probability to malignant transformation if not treated.[4] The cell cycle, or cell-division cycle, is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication (replication) that produces two daughter cells.[5] Cell division occurs in defined stages, which together comprise the cell cycle [Figure 1]. There are two types of cell division: Meiosis and Mitosis. Figure 1 Cell cycle illustration with duration, regulation, and inhibitors MEIOSIS: Occurs during formation of the gametes, the number of chromosomes reduced to half in reproductive cell[6] MITOSIS: Mitosis is the process in which a eukaryotic cell nucleus splits in two, followed by division of the parent cell into two daughter cells.[6] CELL CYCLE: Divided into two major events,[5] Interphase- Cell increases in size and replicates its genetic material Mitosis G0 phase- A resting phase where the cell has stopped dividing[5] INTERPHASE: G1 phase- Cells increase in size in Gap 1. The G1 checkpoint control mechanism ensures that everything is ready for DNA synthesis[5] S phase- DNA replication occurs during this phase[5] G2 phase- During the gap between DNA synthesis and mitosis, the cell will continue to grow. The G2 checkpoint control mechanism ensures that everything is ready to enter the M (mitosis) phase and divide[5] MITOSIS is subdivided into PROPHASE- This is the first stage of mitosis. In this phase, chromosomes are distinctly seen and centrioles move apart. Nuclear membrane disappears[7] [Figure 2] Figure 2 (a) Photomicrograph (H&E stain, ×400) (b) hand drawn illustration showing prophase of mitosis with condensed nuclear chromatin METAPHASE- Chromosomes are lined up along the metaphase or equatorial plate[7] [Figure 3] Figure 3 (a) Photomicrograph (H&E stain, ×400) (b) hand drawn illustration showing metaphase in mitosis ANAPHASE- Sister chromatids separate and begin to migrate to opposite poles of the cell and a cleavage furrow begins to develop[7] [Figure 4] Figure 4 (a) Photomicrograph (H&E stain, ×400) (b) hand drawn illustration showing division of chromosomal material in anaphase of mitosis TELOPHASE- Terminal phase of mitosis and characterized by cytokinesis, reconstitution of nucleus and nuclear envelope, disappearance of mitotic spindle, and unwinding of chromosomes into chromatin.[7] [Figure 5] Figure 5 (a) Photomicrograph (H&E stain, ×400) (b) hand drawn illustration showing telophase in mitosis with complete division and formation of a new set of daughter cells