Human being is living in the bosom of nature, and activities of his society have been governed by the limit of natural resources and environmental capacity. So far, technologies have enlarged the domains of human life. But now, as human activities come up to the natural limit, so only a little extraordinary change in nature would cause human society dysfunction. In these conditions, human society should be studied in relation to the natural resources and environment.In this paper, I define the environment as 1) physical phenomenon, 2) object used as arenas and resources for human activities, and 3) conditions divided into “built”, “modified” and “natural”. I also define the environmental problems as the situations that make sustainable lives of living things difficult. Prof. K. Miyamoto illustrated the total figure of the environmental problems by a pyramid constructed on the base of global changes of ecosystems up to the kogai diseases. Objects of environmental sociology contain not only total areas of this pyramid but interrelations between environment and society as a whole.The domain of environmental sociology thus bears relation to almost areas of other branches of sociology, and so, it stands at the point of integrating studies of environmentally related areas in sociology. So, environmental sociology is one of special branches of sociology and its extent would become narrow when sociology as a whole becomes ecologically minded. Environmental sociology can contribute to make paradigm of sociology ecologically symbiotic. This paper also refers to the importance of a culture concerning time.