The economic structure of a feudal society is built on the communal organization of production. Roughly speaking, this organization is divided into village and urban communities, but, logically and historically, the former is the origin of such organization. In Japan, tribe, kumi and family have been studied particularly by sociologists. The problem of community (Gemeinde) has been taken up by historians; especially those of European history. How should the results of these two fields of study be correlated? Many people are aware of this problem, but no satisfactory progress has yet been made in this direction. The present article seeks to promote the union of these two in studying the Village community (Dorfgemeinde) as a type; and it tries to grasp the meaning of Flurzwang (regulation of culture) and to apply the concept by comparing three villages at the foot of Mt. Kitesakutade and their methods of regulating irrigation.