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image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Materials Science Fo...arrow_drop_down
image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
Materials Science Forum
Article . 2025 . Peer-reviewed
License: Trans Tech Publications Copyright and Content Usage Policy
Data sources: Crossref
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The Effects of Polyvinyl Alcohol and Microcrystalline Bacterial Cellulose Concentration on The Characteristics of Gel Peel-Off Mask

Authors: Margono Margono; Affina Ardiana Paramesti; Sabrina Yudha Santoso; Wusana Agung Wibowo; Ari Diana Susanti;

The Effects of Polyvinyl Alcohol and Microcrystalline Bacterial Cellulose Concentration on The Characteristics of Gel Peel-Off Mask

Abstract

Outdoor activities that are inevitable can harm our facial skin, namely, the signs of premature aging. A gel peel-off mask (GPM) is a popular facial skin care treatment that can alleviate these symptoms. This study investigated the influence of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and microcrystalline bacterial cellulose (MCBC) concentrations on the gel peel-off mask's features, including organoleptic properties, pH, viscosity, adhesion power, and drying time. The GPM formula contains carboxymethyl cellulose, glycerol, propylene glycol, PVA, and MCBC. The PVA content ranges from 7 to 15%, and the MCBC concentration ranges from 0 to 15%. Furthermore, a test was conducted to assess the potency of MCBC as a delivery agent for the active substance (vitamin C) from the product to the facial skin during skincare application. The experiment revealed that the best product was obtained at a PVA concentration of 13% and MCBC of 10%. Applying a 10% MCBC component can provide active vitamin C to the facial skin with an 85% efficacy. Additionally, respondents completed a product acceptability test. Based on the findings, the usage of MCBC components in gel peel or mask products has the potential to be a commercially viable product. However, research on GPM formula optimization is required for optimal use.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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