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Changement climatique et ressource en eau en Himalaya

Enquêtes auprès de villageois dans quatre unités géographiques du bassin de la Koshi, Népal
Authors: Smadja, Joëlle; Aubriot, Olivia; Puschiasis, Ornella; Duplan, Thierry; Grimaldi, Juliette; Hugonnet, Mickaël; Buchheit, Pauline;

Changement climatique et ressource en eau en Himalaya

Abstract

En Himalaya, où la hausse des températures est plus élevée que la moyenne mondiale, les répercussions du changement climatique sur la ressource en eau devraient être particulièrement importantes. Tandis que les spécialistes du climat utilisant mesures et simulations nuancent ce constat en soulignant incertitudes et différences notoires entre l’ouest et l’est de la chaîne, médias et organismes de développement tendent à donner l’image uniforme d’un déficit en eau actuel et à venir. Dans le cadre d’un programme interdisciplinaire (glaciologie, hydrologie, agronomie, géographie) sur le bassin de la Koshi au Népal, nous discutons ces propos en montrant la nécessité de distinguer les situations en fonction des unités géographiques et d’intégrer dans les approches sur ce sujet le contexte culturel, social et économique. Nos enquêtes, réalisées sur quatre terrains représentatifs des milieux népalais, ont eu pour objectif de savoir si les populations constataient des variations de la ressource en eau affectant leurs pratiques (agriculture, élevage, tourisme) et si elles les attribuaient à des changements du climat. Nos résultats montrent des situations contrastées et des changements de pratiques sans relation évidente avec le climat. Ils apportent, entre autres, des informations sur la neige, paramètre mal mesuré et sous-estimé dans les simulations et montrent que les populations sont plus affectées par les fluctuations des régimes pluviométriques que par la fonte des glaciers et du manteau neigeux. Enfin, ils mettent en exergue les unités géographiques et les groupes de population les plus susceptibles d’être affectés par des variations climatiques.

Country
France
Keywords

changement climatique, [SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Népal, connaissances locales, [SHS.GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, ressource en eau, [SDE.ES] Environmental Sciences/Environment and Society, [SDU.STU.HY] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, agriculture, tourisme

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    This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    5
    popularity
    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
5
Average
Average
Average
Green
Published in a Diamond OA journal