Brazilian Atlantic Forest is one of the most devastated tropical forests in the world. Considering that approximately only 12% of its original extent still exists, studies in this area are highly relevant. In this context, this study maps the land cover of Atlantic Forest within the Protected Area of ‘Macae de Cima’, in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, combining GEOBIA and data mining techniques on an OLI/Landsat-8 image. The methodology proposed in this work includes the following steps: (a) image pan-sharpening; (b) image segmentation; (c) feature selection; (d) classification and (e) model evaluation. A total of 15 features, including spectral information, vegetation indices and principal components were used to distinguish five patterns, including Water, Natural forest, Urban area, Bare soil/pasture and Rocky mountains. Features were selected considering well-known algorithms, such as Wrapper, the Correlation Feature Selection and GainRatio. Following, Artificial Neural Networks, Decision Trees and Random Forests classification algorithms were applied to the dataset. The best results were achieved by Artificial Neural Networks, when features were selected through the Wrapper algorithm. The global classification accuracy obtained was of 98.3%. All the algorithms presented great recall and precision values for the Natural forest, however the patterns of Urban area and Bare soil/pastures presented higher confusion.