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AIMS Mathematics
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AIMS Mathematics
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Digital products with $ PN_k $-adjacencies and the almost fixed point property in $ DTC_k^\blacktriangle $

Digital products with \(PN_k\)-adjacencies and the almost fixed point property in \(DTC_k^\blacktriangle\)
Authors: Jeong Min Kang; Sang-Eon Han; Sik Lee;

Digital products with $ PN_k $-adjacencies and the almost fixed point property in $ DTC_k^\blacktriangle $

Abstract

<abstract><p>Given two digital images $ (X_i, k_i), i \in \{1, 2\} $, first of all we establish a new $ PN_k $-adjacency relation in a digital product $ X_1 \times X_2 $ to obtain a relation set $ (X_1 \times X_2, PN_k) $, where the term $ ''$$ PN $" means $ ''$pseudo-normal". Indeed, a $ PN $-$ k $-adjacency is softer or broader than a normal $ k $-adjacency. Next, the present paper initially develops both $ PN $-$ k $-continuity and $ PN $-$ k $-isomorphism. Furthermore, it proves that these new concepts, the $ PN $-$ k $-continuity and $ PN $-$ k $-isomorphism, need not be equal to the typical $ k $-continuity and a $ k $-isomorphism, respectively. Precisely, we prove that none of the typical $ k $-continuity (<italic>resp.</italic> typical $ k $-isomorphism) and the $ PN $-$ k $-continuity (<italic>resp.</italic> $ PN $-$ k $-isomorphism) implies the other. Then we prove that for each $ i \in \{1, 2\} $, the typical projection map $ P_i: X_1 \times X_2 \to X_i $ preserves a $ PN_k $-adjacency relation in $ X_1 \times X_2 $ to the $ k_i $-adjacency relation in $ (X_i, k_i) $. In particular, using a $ PN $-$ k $-isomorphism, we can classify digital products with $ PN_k $-adjacencies. Furthermore, in the category of digital products with $ PN_k $-adjacencies and $ PN $-$ k $-continuous maps between two digital products with $ PN_k $-adjacencies, denoted by $ DTC_k^\blacktriangle $, we finally study the (almost) fixed point property of $ (X_1 \times X_2, PN_k) $.</p></abstract>

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Keywords

Applications of general topology to computer science (e.g., digital topology, image processing), Fixed-point and coincidence theorems (topological aspects), pseudo-normal adjacency, Computational aspects of digital topology, Computing methodologies for image processing, pn-k-isomorphism, almost fixed point property, normal adjacency, pn-k-continuity, QA1-939, almost fixed-point property, Mathematics

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
2
Average
Average
Average
gold