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Journal of Modern Dynamics
Article . 2012 . Peer-reviewed
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Journal of Modern Dynamics
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Partial quasimorphisms and quasistates on cotangent bundles, and symplectic homogenization

Authors: Monzner, Alexandra; Vichery, Nicolas; Zapolsky, Frol;

Partial quasimorphisms and quasistates on cotangent bundles, and symplectic homogenization

Abstract

Let \(T^*N\) be the cotangent bundle of an \(n\)-dimensional closed oriented manifold \(N\) with the natural symplectic structure and \({\mathcal G}\) the Hamiltonian group with compact support on \(T^*N\). In this paper two families of functions \(\mu_a:{\mathcal G}\to\mathbb{R}\) and \(\zeta_a: C^\infty_c(T^*N)\to \mathbb{R}\), \(a\in H^1(N;\mathbb{R})\), which possesses properties analogous to those of partial quasimorphisms and partial quasistates of \textit{M. Entov} and \textit{L. Polterovich} [Comment. Math. Helv. 81, No. 1, 75--99 (2006; Zbl 1096.53052)] are constructed (Theorems 1.3 and 1.8). It is shown that if \(N=\mathbb{T}^n\), then the family \(\mu_a\) is equivalent to Viterbo's symplectic homogenization (Theorem 1.1. in [\textit{C. Viterbo}, ``Symplectic homogenization'', Preprint, \url{arXiv: 0801.0206}]). Let \(\phi^t_H\) be the time-\(t\) map of the flow of \(H\) and \(\phi_H\) the time-\(1\) map, then \(\zeta_a\) is defined as \[ \zeta_a(H)= \mu_a(\phi_H). \] Using Lagrangian spectral invariants \(\ell_{\pm}(\phi)\) for Hamiltonian diffeomorphisms via Lagrangian Floer homology [\textit{Y.-G. Oh}, J. Differ. Geom. 46, No. 3, 499--577 (1997; Zbl 0926.53031); Commun. Anal. Geom. 7, No. 1, 1--55 (1999; Zbl 0966.53055)], \(\mu_a\) is defined as \[ \mu_0(\phi)= \lim_{k\to\infty} {\ell_+(\phi^k)\over k},\quad \mu_a(\phi)= \mu_0(T_\alpha \phi T_\alpha), \] where \(\alpha\in a\) and \(T_\alpha: T^* N\to T^* N\) is defined as \(T_\alpha(q, p)= (q,p+ \alpha(q))\) (\S3.1). By definition, restriction of \(\mu_a\) to \({\mathcal G}_0\), the subgroup of \({\mathcal G}\) fixing the zero section \(N\) of \(T^*N\) as a set, coincides with the action homomorphism \({\mathcal A}:{\mathcal A}(\phi)={\mathcal A}_H(\gamma_q, \gamma_q(t))= \phi^t_H(q)\), where \[ {\mathcal A}_H(\gamma)= \int^1_0 H_t(\gamma(t))\,dt- \int\gamma^*\lambda \] is the action functional on the space of paths \(\Omega= \{\gamma: [0,1]\to T^* N\mid\gamma(0)\in N\}\). Lagrangian and Hamiltonian spectral invariants for Hamiltonian diffeomorphisms are reviewed in \S2. Then coincidence of the spectral invariants of \(H\) and \(H'\) when \(\phi_H= \phi_{H'}\) (Lemma 2.7) and the inequalities \[ c_-(\phi)\leq\ell_-(\phi)\leq \ell_+(\phi)\leq c_+(\phi), \] where \(c_{\pm}(\phi)\) means Hamiltonian spectral invariants (Proposition 2.17) are proved. Existence of \(\mu_a(\phi)\) follows from these results (\S3.1). \(\mu_a\) is invariant under conjugation by elements of \({\mathcal G}\) and Lipschitz with respect to the Hofer metric. The function \(H^1(N; \mathbb{R})\to\mathbb{R}\) defined by \(a\to\mu_a(\phi)\) for a fixed \(\phi\) is also Lipschitz. These are proved in \S3.1 together with several other statements. \(\zeta_a\) is also invariant under the \({\mathcal G}\)-action and \(\zeta_a(F+ G)=\zeta_a(F)\) if \(F\), \(G\) commute and the support \(S\) of \(G\) is displaceable, that is there is \(\phi\in{\mathcal G}\) such that \(\overline S\cap\phi(S)=\emptyset\). As a consequence, if \(N= N_1\times N_2\), \(F_i\in C^\infty(T^*N)\), and \(a= (a_1, a_2)\in H^1(N_1; \mathbb{R})\times H^2(N_2;\mathbb{R})\subset H^1(N;\mathbb{R})\), then \[ \zeta_a(F_1\oplus F_2)_a= \zeta_{a_1}(F_1)+ \zeta_{a_2}(F_2), \] (Proposition 1.9). These are also proved in \S3.1. \(\mu_0(\phi)\) gives lower bounds of the fragmentation norm; see Corollary 1.10 in [\textit{A. Banyaga}, Comment. Math. Helv. 53, 174--227 (1978; Zbl 0393.58007)]. If \(H\) is a time-periodic Tonnelli Hamiltonian, then \[ \alpha_H(a)= \mu_a(\phi_H), \] where \(\alpha_H\) is Mather's alpha function; see Theorem 1.11 in [\textit{J. N. Mather}, Math. Z. 207, No. 2, 169--207 (1991; Zbl 0696.58027)]. The spectral norm \(\Gamma(\psi)\) is defined as \(c_+(\psi)- c_-(\psi)\) and the displacement energy of a displacement subset by \[ e(S)= \text{inf}\{\Gamma(\psi)\mid\psi(S) \cap(\overline S)= \emptyset\}. \] Then, if the support of \(G\) is displaceable, \(\zeta_a\) satisfies \[ |\zeta_a(F+ G)- \zeta_a(F)- \zeta_a(G)|\leq \sqrt{2e(U)\|\{F, G\}\|_{C^0}}. \] From this inequality, a lower bound for the norm of the Poisson bracket is derived. These results together with other applications of \(\mu_a\) and \(\zeta_a\), are proved in \S3, the last section. In the appendix, generating functions for Tonelli flows are studied. The results are used in the proof of Theorem 1.11 (given in \S3.3).

Keywords

symplectic structure, Symplectic aspects of Floer homology and cohomology, Lagrangian spectral invariant, Action-minimizing orbits and measures, Hamiltonian group, Hamiltonian spectral invariant, Floer homology

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
34
Top 10%
Top 10%
Average
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