Tryblidiopsis pinastri (Rhytismatales) has been recognized as being distributed throughout northern temperate regions. In the present study, comparative studies showed that species of Tryblidiopsis from China were distinct from the European type species. They are shown to belong to two new Tryblidiopsis species, T sichuanensis and T. sinensis, with a third known to be present in China but not described because the reference material is immature. Combined LSU rDNA, ITS rDNA and mtSSU rDNA sequences analyses revealed that Chinese species and European species formed a monophyletic clade. Collections of Tryblidiopsis from North America need to be re-examined and sequenced; they are probably not conspecific with T. pinastri. Tryblidiopsis species appear to be highly host specific and are probably restricted to the host genus Picea.