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Electronic Journal of Combinatorics
Article . 2006 . Peer-reviewed
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Article . 2006
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https://dx.doi.org/10.48550/ar...
Article . 2005
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The Generating Function of Ternary Trees and Continued Fractions

The generating function of ternary trees and continued fractions
Authors: Ira M. Gessel; Guoce Xin;

The Generating Function of Ternary Trees and Continued Fractions

Abstract

Michael Somos conjectured a relation between Hankel determinants whose entries ${1\over 2n+1}{3n\choose n}$ count ternary trees and the number of certain plane partitions and alternating sign matrices. Tamm evaluated these determinants by showing that the generating function for these entries has a continued fraction that is a special case of Gauss's continued fraction for a quotient of hypergeometric series. We give a systematic application of the continued fraction method to a number of similar Hankel determinants. We also describe a simple method for transforming determinants using the generating function for their entries. In this way we transform Somos's Hankel determinants to known determinants, and we obtain, up to a power of $3$, a Hankel determinant for the number of alternating sign matrices. We obtain a combinatorial proof, in terms of nonintersecting paths, of determinant identities involving the number of ternary trees and more general determinant identities involving the number of $r$-ary trees.

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Keywords

Combinatorial aspects of partitions of integers, Exact enumeration problems, generating functions, determinant identities, continued fraction, hypergeometric series, 05A10, 05A17, 30B70, 33C05, Classical hypergeometric functions, \({}_2F_1\), plane partitions, generating function, alternating sign matrices, FOS: Mathematics, Mathematics - Combinatorics, Combinatorics (math.CO), 05A15; 05A10, 05A17, 30B70, 33C05, 05A15, Factorials, binomial coefficients, combinatorial functions, Hankel determinants, Continued fractions; complex-analytic aspects

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
23
Top 10%
Top 10%
Average
Green
gold